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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tryon rats ; Ethanol intake ; Selective breeding ; Genetic ; Animal model of alcoholism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The search for a genetically based “animal model of alcoholism” has led to the creation of extensive research programs using various combinations of initial ethanol preference screening techniques and breeding methods to yield rodents with primary genetic differences that contribute to high or low ethanol preference. The present experiment examined the ethanol intake of the Tryon rat strain, which were bred for high and low maze learning scores. It was observed that the Tryon Maze Bright rats displayed an unprecedented affinity for ethanol with stable intakes between 12.7 and 13.7 g/kg per day and preference ratios exceeding 0.75 for ethanol concentrations ranging between 15 and 29%. The pattern of ethanol intake of the Tryon Maze Dull rats resembled the ethanol intake pattern of other, non-selectively bred strains of rats, approximately 2–3 g/kg of absolute ethanol at preference ratios between 0.11 and 0.28. The affinity for ethanol observed for the Tryon Maze Bright rats seems to exceed the reported consumption patterns of rat strains specifically bred for high ethanol consumption although the Tryon rats were selectively bred for variables that were seemingly unrelated to ethanol intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cannabis ; Self-Administration of Drugs ; Ethanol ; Lateral Hypothalamus ; Electrical Stimulation of Brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For over 30 days male Wistar rats drank a concentrated aqueous suspension of hashish in the absence of alternative fluids, but they rejected the drug when water was also made available. In another experiment rats given a choice between water and varying concentrations of hashish also rejected concentrated suspensions, but they appeared less reluctant to drink dilute concentrations. Neither a schedule of alternate-day presentation of hashish nor forced electrical stimulation of lateral hypothalamus induced rats to increase their home-cage intake of an aversive concentration of hashish, suggesting that the enhanced consumption of concentrated ethanol solutions obtained with these two procedures is not due to a nonspecific tendency to ingest any drug offered. Thus rats are generally reluctant to self-administer hashish via the oral route, and their reluctance is not affected by several procedures which can increase their intake of other drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 74-77 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde ; Ethanol ; Conditioned taste aversion ; Pre-exposure ; Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible involvement of catecholamines (CA) in the mediation of acetaldehyde's conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was examined by testing the effects of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor) on the CTAs produced by acetaldehyde. AMPT blocked the acquisition of the CTA normally produced by a low dose of acetaldehyde (0.2 g/kg), but had no significant effect on CTA produced by a high dose of acetaldehyde (0.3 g/kg). In a second study, acetaldehyde's role in the CTA produced by ethanol was investigated using the pre-exposure conditioned taste aversion paradigm. Pre-exposure to acetaldehyde (both doses) blocked the ethanol CTAs but when pre-exposure with acetaldehyde was coupled with AMPT, only the larger dose of acetaldehyde blocked the ethanol aversion. These results suggest that while the CTA to the low dose of acetaldehyde may be primarily central and catecholamine-mediated, the mechanism underlying the high dose CTA is probably peripheral and emetic in nature. These findings support the conclusion that acetaldehyde may be mediating many of the actions of ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rat ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Diazepam ; Extinction ; Avoidance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a one-way avoidance task with rats, injections of Librium (chlordiazepoxide) following avoidance acquisition resulted in prolonged resistance-to-extinction of the avoidance response. This effect occurred regardless of whether the rats had had prior experience with Librium or whether they were naive with respect to the drug. The same results were found with the same task when low doses of Valium were used. However, at a higher dosage an “extreme reaction” of either no responding or a high number of responses to extinction occurred in the naive animals. The Librium and Valium effects were compared to similar effects obtained using ethanol and hashish resin. These results indicate that the novelty hypothesis as originally stated by Amit and Baum cannot be supported because experience with the drugs prior to avoidance training did not attenuate the drug effect on avoidance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 234-238 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Dopamine ; Norepinephrine ; Locomotor activity ; Drug antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Catecholamine antagonists were assessed for their effects on ethanol-induced motor excitation. Motor excitation was measured in male Swiss-Webster mice using an open-field apparatus. Mice were treated with several doses of ethanol and at each dose, mice were pretreated with pimozide, a dopamine D2 antagonist, Schering 23390, a dopamine D1 antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, a noradrenergic alpha-1 antagonist, or yohimbine, a noradrenergic alpha-2 antagonist. Each mouse was subjected to only one dose regimen, and all injections were given IP. Ethanol produced an increase in locomotor activity. The degree to which pimozide attenuated ethanol excitation decreased with increasing ethanol dosage. At the highest dose of ethanol, pimozide increased ethanol excitation. Schering 23390 attenuated ethanol-induced excitation only at doses which affected motor activity per se. Phenoxybenzamine produced a dose-dependent reduction in ethanol excitation. Yohimbine had its greatest effects at the medium dose (4.0 mg/kg). These observations seem to indicate a role for both the dopamine D2 receptor and the noradrenergic alpha-1 receptor in ethanol-induced motor excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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