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  • Exploration  (4)
  • Exploratory behavior  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral effects of alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonists and their interactions with ethanol in tests of locomotion, exploration and anxiety in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alpha2-adrenoceptors ; Ethanol ; Anxiety ; Exploratory behavior ; Locomotor activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral effects of two highly selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists, atipamezole and idazoxan, were investigated in mice using the plusmaze test of anxiety and the holeboard test of directed exploration and locomotor activity. No anxiogenic effect, as assessed by the tendency to enter the closed as opposed to open arms of the plusmaze, was noted for either drug at any dose tested. Neither were there any significant effects on locomotor activity or directed exploration (head-dipping) in the holeboard, or total plusmaze arm entries at any dose of either drug. The co-administration of either atipamezole or idazoxan had no effect on either the anxiolytic effect of ethanol (2 g/kg) or its locomotor stimulant effect in the holeboard. Atipamezole (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) significantly reversed the ethanol-induced reduction in exploratory head-dipping; a similar trend was seen for idazoxan. There was also a significant potentiation of the ethanol-induced increase in the number of total arm entries made on the plusmaze caused by 1.0 mg/kg (but not 3.0 mg/kg) atipamezole and both 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg idazoxan. The results suggest that some of the behavioral effects of ethanol can be reversed by alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists whilst others are unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442248
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of ethanol's effects on locomotor activity, exploration and anxiety in mice (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Locomotor activity ; Exploration ; Anxiety ; Time course ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The time course of the effects of two doses of ethanol on exploration, locomotor activity and anxiety were investigated using the holeboard and plus-maze tests. In an 8 min holeboard test the lower (1.2 g/kg) dose increased both exploration and locomotor activity 0.5 h after ethanol administration whereas the higher (2.4 g/kg) dose decreased exploration but caused an even greater increase in locomotor activity. This activity increase was also seen 1 h postadministration. In the plus-maze test both doses showed an increased number of arm-entries 0.5 h and 1 h after administration but only the 2.4 g/kg dose caused anxiolytic effects persisting for over 2 h. The results add further support to the notion that the behavioral effects of ethanol vary with dose, time of administration and the behavioral measure taken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431535
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of a plus-maze to measure anxiety in the mouse (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 180-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Plus-maze ; Mouse ; Benzodiazepine receptor ; Stimulants ; Exploration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate whether an elevated plus-maze consisting of two open and two closed arms could be used as a model of anxiety in the mouse, NIH Swiss mice were tested in the apparatus immediately after a holeboard test. Factor analysis of data from undrugged animals tested in the holeboard and plus-maze yielded three orthogonal factors interpreted as assessing anxiety, directed exploration and locomotion. Anxiolytic drugs (chlordiazepoxide, sodium pentobarbital and ethanol) increased the proportion of time spent on the open arms, and anxiogenic drugs (FG 7142, caffeine and picrotoxin) reduced this measure. Amphetamine and imipramine failed to alter the indices of anxiety. The anxiolytic effect of chlordiazepoxide was reduced in mice that had previously experienced the plus-maze in an undrugged state. Testing animals in the holeboard immediately before the plus-maze test significantly elevated both the percentage of time spent on the open arms and the total number of arm entries, but did not affect the behavioral response to chlordiazepoxide. The plus-maze appears to be a useful test with which to investigate both anxiolytic and anxiogenic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177912
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral effects of the inhibitors of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, LY 78335 and LY 134046, and their interactions with ethanol (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 196-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) ; Ethanol ; Locomotion ; Exploration ; Anxiety ; Ataxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The centrally active inhibitors of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), LY 78335 and LY 134046, were investigated both alone and in combination with ethanol (2 g/kg) in a holeboard test of directed exploration and locomotor activity. Both PNMT inhibitors showed dose-related reductions in exploratory head-dipping but were without effect on locomotor activity. In combination with ethanol both PNMT inhibitors tended to attenuate the ethanol-induced reductions in exploratory head-dipping but did not effect ethanol's locomotor stimulant properties. LY 134046 showed neither an anxiolytic nor an anxiogenic profile in the plusmaze test of anxiety, nor did it alter the anxiolytic effects of either 1.2 g/kg or 2 g/kg ethanol. LY 134046 did, however, attenuate the ataxic effects of a 2.4 g/kg dose of ethanol. These results may suggest a role for adrenaline synthesis in some, but not all, of the behavioral effects of ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244126
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A late-appearing benzodiazepine-induced hypoactivity that is not reversed by a receptor antagonist (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 88 (1986), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepine ; Sedation ; Locomotor activity ; Exploration ; Withdrawal ; Benzodiazepine antagonist ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activity of rats in a holeboard test is reduced 30, 90, and 240 min after treatment with a single dose of lorazepam. The administration of a benzodiazepine antagonist (RO 15-1788) 20 min before the holeboard test (i.e., 10, 70, or 220 min after lorazepam administration) reverses the hypoactivity of animals tested 30 min after treatment with lorazepam, partially reverses the hypoactivity of animals tested 90 min after receiving lorazepam, but is without effect on the hypoactivity observed 240 min after treatment with the benzodiazepine. If, however, RO 15-1788 is given at the same time as lorazepam then it reverses the hypoactivity seen 4 h later. The results of these experiments demonstrate that a benzodiazepine can exert a behavioral effect at a time when it no longer appears to be acting at central benzodiazepine receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178518
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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