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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a Complex Influence of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors on Hippocampal Serotonin Release (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of nicotine on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)release from serotonergic nerve endings in rat dorsal hippocampal slices werestudied. Nicotine (50-500 μM) caused a concentration-dependentincrease in 5-HT release. This effect was antagonised by mecamylamine (0.5μM), indicating an action at nicotinic receptors. Nicotine-evoked5-HT release was not affected by tetrodotoxin (3 μM), cadmiumchloride (0.1 mM), or the absence of Ca2+ orNa+ in the superfusion medium. Unexpectedly, higher concentrationsof mecamylamine alone (1-50 μM) increased 5-HT release. Thissuggested the presence of inhibitory input to 5-HT neurones and that theseinhibitory neurones possess tonically active nicotinic receptors. The effectof mecamylamine (50 μM) on 5-HT release was reduced by themuscarinic M1 receptor agonist, McN-A-343 (100 μM), butpirenzepine (0.005-1 μM), which blocks M1 receptors,alone increased 5-HT release. Hippocampal serotonergic neurones are known topossess both excitatory nicotinic receptors and inhibitory M1receptors. Although there may be several explanations for our results, onepossible explanation is that nicotine stimulates 5-HT release by activatingnicotinic heteroreceptors on 5-HT terminals. Mecamylamine (0.5 μM)antagonises this effect, but higher concentrations increase 5-HT releaseindirectly by blocking the action of endogenous acetylcholine on nicotinicreceptors situated on cholinergic neurones that provide muscarinic inhibitoryinput to 5-HT neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0752409.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine regulates 5-HT1A receptor gene expression in the cerebral cortex and dorsal hippocampus (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The 5-HT1A receptor has previously been shown to be important in mediating the behavioural effects of nicotine. It is possible that nicotine administration might regulate the levels of 5-HT receptors in limbic and cortical regions, and such regulations may underlie adaptive responses to nicotine in the central nervous system. The effects of acute and chronic systemic (–)-nicotine administration on 5-HT1A receptor gene expression were measured by in situ hybridization, in the rat cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus and lateral septum. In the cortex, acute nicotine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) significantly increased the expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA 2 h and 24 h after injection. Similarly, acute nicotine significantly increased 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3 and CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus 2 h and 24 h after injection. Acute nicotine was without effect in the lateral septum. Chronic nicotine (0.5 mg/kg i.p; twice daily for 7 days) significantly decreased 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the cortex 2 h after the final injection, but was without effect at 24 h or 72 h. Chronic nicotine caused no changes in 5-HT1A mRNA in the lateral septum or dorsal hippocampus. These data demonstrate that nicotine regulates 5-HT1A receptor gene expression in the cortex and hippocampus. The rapid regulation of expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA leads to the hypothesis that nicotine-induced 5-HT release may alter the postsynaptic sensitivity to 5-HT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01501.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of benzodiazepine receptors in the dorsal hippocampus and median raphé reveals differential GABAergic control in two animal tests of anxiety (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of pharmacological challenges to the benzodiazepine receptors in the dorsal hippocampus and median raphé nucleus were investigated in the social interaction and the elevated plus-maze tests of anxiety in rats. In the social interaction test, bilateral administration of midazolam (1 and 2 μg), into the dorsal hippocampus had anxiolytic effects; flumazenil (500 ng) was silent, but was able to antagonize the anxiolytic effects of midazolam (2 μg). In the social interaction test, midazolam was also anxiolytic when infused into the median raphé nucleus; flumazenil (100 and 500 ng) increased locomotor activity, but did not change anxiety measures. As an anatomical control, midazolam (1 and 2 μg) was infused into the adjacent pontine reticular nucleus, and was without effect. In contrast to the social interaction test, local infusion of midazolam (1 and 2 μg) and flumazenil (100 and 500 ng) into either the dorsal hippocampus or the median raphé nucleus failed to change anxiety measures in the elevated plus-maze (trials 1 and 2). These results show that stimulation of the benzodiazepine receptors in the hippocampus or the median raphé nucleus leads to anxiolytic effects in the social interaction test, but not in the elevated plus-maze. It would therefore appear that the two tests detect different types of anxiety that are differentially modulated by GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors in the dorsal hippocampus and the median raphé nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00375.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of 5-HT1A receptors in mediating the anxiogenic effects of nicotine following lateral septal administration (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of the 5-HT1A receptors in the lateral septum in the mediation of the anxiogenic effects of nicotine in the social interaction and elevated plus maze tests of anxiety in the rat. Bilateral infusion of (–)-nicotine (4 and 8 μg) and of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (200 and 500 ng) into the lateral septum decreased the time spent in social interaction, indicating anxiogenic effects. The anxiogenic effect of 8-OH-DPAT (500 ng) was completely reversed by coadministration of a behaviourally inactive dose of the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY 100635 (200 ng). The anxiogenic effect of the lower dose of (–)-nicotine (4 μg) was completely reversed by WAY 100635 (200 ng), but the reversal was only partial following administration of 8 μg nicotine. In a second test of anxiety, the elevated plus maze, lateral septal administration of 8-OH-DPAT (500 ng) and nicotine (4 μg) induced anxiogenic effects. In this test, the anxiogenic effect of nicotine (4 μg) was completely reversed by coadministration of WAY 100635 (200 ng). The effects of 8-OH-DPAT demonstrate that stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors in the lateral septum has anxiogenic effects in two animal tests and that the anxiogenic effects of nicotine are mediated at least in part by these 5-HT1A receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00246.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of nicotinic receptors in the lateral septal nucleus increases anxiety (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study investigated the role of nicotinic receptors in the lateral septum in the modulation of anxiety. The effects of direct injections of nicotine into the lateral septum were first investigated in two tests of anxiety, social interaction and elevated plus-maze tests. Intra-septal injection of nicotine (1 and 4 μg) induced consistent anxiogenic effects in both tests. The reversal of nicotinic effects with mecamylamine was then studied in the social interaction test. Intra-septal injection of mecamylamine at a low dose (15 ng) induced an anxiolytic effect, suggesting the presence of intrinsic cholinergic tone increasing anxiety. At higher doses (30–50 ng), mecamylamine was without effect in the social interaction test, but blocked the anxiogenic effects of nicotine (4 μg). These findings provide further evidence for the role of the lateral septum in the modulation of anxiety and suggest that cholinergic projections to this brain area facilitate anxiety through nicotinic receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00823.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Adaptive Responses in Familiar and Novel Environments: Modulatory Factors (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 525 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb38596.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excessive Grooming Behavior in Rats and Mice Induced by Corticotropin-releasing Factor (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 525 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb38622.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actions of theβ-carboline ZK 93426 in an animal test of anxiety and the holeboard: Interactions with Ro 15-1788 (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 65 (1986), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Benzodiazepines ; β-carbolines ; anxiety ; exploration ; endogenous ligand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of theβ-carboline ZK 93426, a putative benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, were investigated in the social interaction test of anxiety and in the holeboard. Like the receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788, ZK 93426 (2.5–10 mg/kg) caused a specific reduction in social interaction (interpreted as an anxiogenic effect) and caused a significant elevation in exploratory head-dipping (5 mg/kg). When low (ineffective) doses of both compounds (1 mg/kg ZK 93426; 4 mg/kg Ro 15-1788) were administered together they significantly reduced social interaction. No further reductions in social interaction were observed when effective doses of both compounds (5 mg/kg ZK 93426; 10 mg/kg Ro 15-1788) were tested in combination; it is likely that this is due to almost total benzodiazepine receptor occupancy at effective doses of either compound. When doses of each compound (5 mg/kg ZK 93426; 10 mg/kg Ro 15-1788) that resulted in stimulation of head-dipping were examined in combination, the elevation in exploration was no longer observed. Since at higher doses of both compounds there is an attenuation of the elevation in head-dipping, it is again likely that the effects of the two compounds are additive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256486
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depletion in amygdaloid 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration and changes in social and aggressive behaviour (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 50 (1981), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 5, 7-Dihydroxytryptamine (10 and 20μg) was microinjected bilaterally into the amygdaloid complex of rats and resulted in 55% and 80% depletion in 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration, respectively. The lesioned animals exhibited fewer dominance behaviours and submitted more often to an intruder into their home-cages than did the vehicle-injected controls. The lesioned rats were also more submissive than were the controls when they were intruding into another rat's territory. Only the higher dose of toxin altered social investigatory behaviour when this was measured in an arena in which neither rat had established territory. The lesioned rats displayed less social interaction and had reduced levels of motor activity. The results are compared with those of other studies in which there has been regional or general depletion of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254909
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Output of endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor in rats: Effect of ethanol, tryptamine and tryptophan (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 56 (1983), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Contrary to prediction, loading rats with tryptamine, tryptophan or methanol failed to produce any rise in endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor output, whilst ethanol administration resulted in a significantly decreased excretion. These findings, which provide no support for the hypothesis that the inhibitor is aβ-carboline, may shed some light on the tranquillizing effect of ethanol in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01243376
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