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  • Extrapyramidal side effects  (1)
  • Feischmann and Pons  (1)
  • MK-801  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalepsy as a rodent model for detecting antipsychotic drugs with extrapyramidal side effect liability (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 120 (1995), S. 128-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Catalepsy ; Rodent model ; Antipsychotic drugs ; Extrapyramidal side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The predictive validity of catalepsy as a rodent model for detecting the extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) of antipsychotic drugs was recently questioned when the novel antipsychotic savoxepine produced little catalepsy in rodents while producing significant EPS in schizophrenic patients. Because catalepsy is viewed as an important model for predicting EPS, we decided to re-evaluate the effects of savoxepine. Savoxepine, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, ORG 5222, raclopride, and risperidone were examined in two tests for catalepsy (grid and bar tests) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The ability to antagonize amphetamine-induced hypermotility was also examined, since this measure is believed to predict clinical efficacy. With the exception of clozapine, all drugs produced dose-dependent catalepsy in both tests. For each drug, the minimum effective dose for producing catalepsy was greater than or equal to the ED50 for antagonizing amphetamine-induced hyperactivity (defined as the dose producing a 50% reduction in hyperactivity). Clozapine resulted in the widest separation of effective doses in the catalepsy and activity models. Raclopride produced the next largest separation while the remaining drugs resulted in only a one-or two-fold dose separation between the two behavioral tests. The results with haloperidol and clozapine are consistent with the clinical effects of these drugs (severe versus mild EPS). The ratios of effective doses in catalepsy and activity for the remaining novel drugs are also consistent with preliminary clinical findings indicating some EPS with each of these compounds. Thus, catalepsy remains a suitable rodent model for detecting compounds with EPS liability in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246184
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    More searches for cold fusion (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 9 (1990), S. 475-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: Cold fusion ; Feischmann and Pons ; Jones ; neutrons ; upper limits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Following the announcement of cold nuclear fusion being observed in electrochemical cells by Fleischmann and Pons1 and by Jones,2 we have searched for the characteristic radiations of thed+d andp+d fusion reactions in cells similar to those described in Refs. 1 and 2. No fusion product neutrons or gamma rays have been observed from either palladium or titanium cathodes. From measured D/Pd ratios in the systems with the palladium cathodes, we set upper limits on the fusion rates for our systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01588282
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Typical and atypical neuroleptics antagonize MK-801-induced locomotion and stereotypy in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 89 (1992), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Clozapine ; MK-801 ; eticlopride ; haloperidol ; NMDA receptors ; stereotypy ; locomotion ; dopamine ; glutamate ; D 2 receptors ; schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics on MK-801-induced locomotor activity and stereotyped sniffing were tested. Pretreatment with the typical neuroleptic haloperidol (0.01,0.05, 0.1,0.5 mg/kg SC) and the dopamine D 2 receptor selective antagonist eticlopride (0.005, 0.01, 0.05 mg/kg SC) each resulted in significant and dose-dependent reductions of locomotor activity and sniffing. The atypical neuroleptic clozapine (1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg SC) was some-what unique in that all doses reduced locomotor activity, but only the highest dose (10.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced sniffing. The data support a functional interaction between glutamate and dopamine systems, and suggest that the behavioral activation associated with MK-801 may represent a valid model for detecting potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of schizophrenia. The data should be viewed as preliminary, however, until neuroleptics are characterized in other glutamate-based models that minimize or exclude the possible influence of nonspecific motor effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245347
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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