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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Truncated, branched, and/or cyclic analogs of neuropeptide Y: importance of the pancreatic peptide fold in the design of specific Y2 receptor ligands (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 35 (1992), S. 3653-3659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00098a009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive value of nuclear betacatenin expression for the occurrence of distant metastases in rectal cancer (1998)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1256-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Beta-catenin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Metastasis ; Predictive value ; Prognosis ; Rectal cancer ; Tumor marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Adenomatous polyposis coli protein, glycogen synthetase kinase-3-beta, T cell transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor, and beta-catenin modulate cell differentiation and proliferation via the expression of effector genes. It has recently been postulated that betacatenin is a potent oncogene of sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis and a prognostic tumor marker. Our aim was to investigate whether the nuclear overexpression of betacatenin, possibly caused by mutations in exon 3 of betacatenin (CTNNB1), is correlated with distant metastatic spread or disease-free survival in rectal carcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with an anti-beta-catenin-monoclonal antibody on paraffin sections of two groups of patients (n=2 × 77) with rectal carcinoma curatively treated by surgery alone. The patients selected were all free of local disease, to exclude surgical influence. Patient groups were matched for age, gender, International Union Against Cancer stage, and year of operation (1982 to 1991) and differed only in subsequent metachronous distant metastatic spread. Follow-up was prospective (median, 9.6 years). Three staining patterns were defined: membranous (normal), diffuse cytoplasmic (pathologic), and intense nuclear staining (pathologic). When intense nuclear staining was defined, the specimen was microdissected. Then, DNA was isolated, polymerase chain reaction-amplified, and sequenced to detect mutations in exon 3. RESULTS: Nuclear overexpression of beta-catenin correlated neither with distant metastatic spread (chisquared, 0.37;P=0.79) nor with disease-free survival (log-rank with trend,P=0.62). No mutations were found in the area of the serine/threonine-kinase glycogen synthetase kinase-3-beta-phosphorylation site in exon 3 (CTNNB1) of beta-catenin. CONCLUSION: Although beta-catenin seems to play an important role in early colorectal carcinogenesis, its value as a prognostic marker is questionable. It must be assumed that metastatic ability is determined by other factors than the disturbance of the beta-catenin T cell transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor cascade and that other mechanisms might cause the observed nuclear translocation of beta-catenin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258226
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fehler und Gefahren in der onkologischen laparoskopischen Chirurgie (1997)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery ; Port site metastases ; Pitfalls of laparoscopy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Laparoskopische colorectale Chirurgie ; Port-site-Metastasen ; Onkologische Fehler bei der Laparoskopie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die onkologischen Probleme bei laparoskopisch colorectalen Eingriffen in kurativer Intention bestehen im Auftreten von Port-site-Metastasen, in einer inadäquaten Radikalität, einer Tumorzellverschleppung durch ungeschützte Präparatebergung und unzureichende Operationstechnik sowie Nichtbeachtung technisch-onkologischer Grenzen bei bestimmten Tumorlokalisationen. Die bisher vorliegenden Untersuchungen ergeben eine mehr mechanische Pathogenese der Port-site-Metastasen durch Verschleppung von Tumorzellen in die Trokareinstichstellen über Instrumente, Trokare und Resektionspräparate. Durch entsprechende Vorsichtsmaßnahmen scheint somit eine Vermeidung möglich. Das CO2-Pneumoperitoneum spielt anscheinend eine untergeordnete Rolle bei der Entstehung der Port-site-Metastasen. Die onkologische Radikalität laparoskopischer Eingriffe beim colorectalen Carcinom kann bei fehlenden Langzeitdaten zur Zeit nicht beurteilt werden. Es liegen lediglich vereinzelte Untersuchungen zur Zahl der bei den Eingriffen mitentfernten Lymphknoten vor. Die Anzahl scheint nicht die bei vergleichbaren offenen Resektionen zu erreichen, eine genauere Analyse müßte jedoch die selektionierten Indikationen nach Tumorgröße und -lokalisation berücksichtigen. Die Vielzahl der möglichen Fehler und Gefahren der onkologischen laparoskopischen Chirurgie führt zu der klaren Forderung, daß die Eingriffe nur innerhalb von prospektiven klinischen Studien mit selektionierten Indikationen erfolgen sollten. Eine prospektiv randomisierte Studie für alle Tumorstadien und -lokalisationen ist vor diesem Hintergrund kritisch zu werten.
    Notes: Summary. Oncological problems associated with laparoscopic colorectal surgery with curative intent include port site metastases, inadequate radicality, seeding of tumour cells through unprotected recovery of the surgical specimen, faulty surgical technique, and failure to observe the technical and/or oncological limitations applicable to certain tumour sites. Investigations so far reported reveal a preponderance of mechanical pathogenesis of port site metastases caused by the contamination of trocar entry ports by tumour cells borne on instruments, trocars and resected material. This suggests that appropriate precautionary measures could resolve the problem. It appears that the CO2 pneumoperitoneum plays only a minor role in the development of port site metastases. Owing to a lack of long-term data, the oncological radicality of laparosopic resections for colorectal carcinoma cannot be assessed; merely a few reports on the number of lymph nodes removed during such operations have been published. Nevertheless, it would appear that fewer lymph nodes were removed than with comparable conventional surgery. However, a more accurate analysis needs to take account of the fact that the indication for laparoscopic surgery is determined by the size and location of the tumour. The many potential pitfalls and hazards of oncological laparoscopic surgery make it mandatory that such interventions should be done only within the framework of prospective clinical studies covering limited indications. Randomized prospective studies to cover all tumour stages and sites cannot be recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00002550
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude de la fissuration des éprouvettes sous contraintes en laboratoire et des massifs rocheux en carrières par une méthode d'émission acoustique (1975)
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 7 (1975), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Mechanism of Brittle Fracture of Rock During Uniaxial Compression in Laboratory in a Quarry by an Acoustic Emission Technic Different following stages of brittle fractures of rock were established during experiments in laboratory by using audible noises. The latter stage is very interesting and an analogy was established with premonitory crackles preceding the rupture of rock in quarries. A method for the investigation of the evolution of rocks in quarries was established by technical seismic refraction. Two stages are observed: A sensitive crackle, then die oscillations damp down which displays a stabilisation of rock, except when a falling takes place a few minutes after a crash. This theory is applied in rocks mechanism by means of a detection crackles device of which fundamental mechanics are determined by technical acoustic emission.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Erfassung des Sprödbruchverhaltens von Fels während einachsiger Druckversuche im Labor und im Steinbruch mittels einer akustischen Methode Durch die Interpretation von Geräuschen wurden bei Laborversuchen verschiedene, aufeinanderfolgende Stadien im Bruchverhalten von Fels festgestellt. Der Endzustand ist interessant; es wurde eine Analogie zu den warnenden Geräuschen, die einem Felsbruch in Steinbrüchen vorangehen, gefunden. Darauf wurde eine Methode aufgebaut, die auf Schallbrechung beruht und zur Überwachung der Entwicklung im Fels dient. Es können zwei Stadien beobachtet werden: ein intensives Knistern, dann eine Dämpfung, die eine Stabilisierung des Felsens ausdrückt, ausgenommen der Fall, daß wenige Minuten nach einem Krach ein Bergsturz eintritt. Diese Theorie wird in der Felsmechanik mittels einer speziellen Apparatur angewendet, die es erlaubt, fundamentale Verhaltensgrundsätze unter Anwendung von akustischer Emission festzustellen.
    Notes: Résumé Etude de la fissuration des eprouvettes sous contraintes en laboratoire et des massifs rocheux en carrières par une methode d'emission acoustique Différentes étapes successives de l'évolution de la roche ont été établies lors d'essais en laboratoire par la technique d'émission acoustique. La dernière phase s'avère d'un grand interêt et peut être comparée aux phénomènes prémonitoires des éboulements qui précèdent la rupture dans les carrières. Un processus d'investigation du comportement du massif rocheux dans les carrières a été défini par la technique de sismique réfraction. D'après l'enregistrement des microbruits, on observe deux phases: une période active suivie d'une période d'amortissement qui traduit une restabilisation du massif, excepté lorsqu'un éboulement se produit quelques minutes après un tir. Les résultats trouvent une application pratique en mécanique des roches dans la conception d'un dispositif de surveillance des sites géologiques dont le principe est basé sur la technique d'emission acoustique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239231
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Essais sur modèle réduit en poussée: étude du comportement d'une structure en béton armé avant la rupture par des techniques d'émission acoustique et d'extensométrie (1975)
    Springer
    Materials and structures 8 (1975), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476333
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural correlates of isometric force in the “motor” thalamus (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 63 (1986), S. 567-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Monkey ; Isometric force ; Finger ; Neuronal activity ; Thalamus ; Precentral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between single cell activity in the “motor” thalamus and the generation of isometric force between the fingers has been investigated in 2 monkeys. Neurons related to the task were found in the thalamic motor regions VLo, VPLo, and VA where microstimulation occasionally elicited motor reactions in hand and fingers. 58% of these 55 neurons, designated “typical”, showed modulation of their discharge patterns with force similar to neurons in precentral cortex and could be assigned to one of 5 discharge patterns described for the motor cortex. Only a small percentage of the thalamic neurons were found to have phasic activity. The other “atypical” neurons (42%) had discharge patterns with complex sequences of phasic and tonic activation with respect to force. For 18 typical and atypical neurons with tonic and phasic-tonic modulation of their firing rate with force significant regression coefficients between firing rate and static force were observed. The mean index of force sensitivity (rateforce slope) was 54.5 Hz/N for the neurons increasing their discharge rate with force, i.e. approximately that of precentral cells. Neurons tested for their sensory properties had receptive fields located on hand and/or fingers and were activated mainly by stimulation of muscle and joint receptors. The characteristics of these thalamic neurons are compared to those of precentral cells recorded under identical experimental conditions and are discussed in relation to the known input-output relationships of the motor thalamic nuclei. The data strongly support the hypothesis that parameters of movement, in particular force, are represented by the activity of neurons in the “motor” thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237479
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphofunctional study of the effects of fetal exposure to cyproterone acetate on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of adult rats (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 83 (1991), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cyproterone ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; Morphology ; Function ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal exposure to cyproterone acetate (CPA), while allowing, normal sexual morphogenesis, has previously been shown to lead to functional endocrine abnormalities in adult rats of both sexes. Because of this, we examined morphologically and morphometrically the hypothalamic nuclei involved in sexual dimorphism as well as the pituitary lactotropes of rats exposed in utero from day 15 to 20 of gestation to CPA. Male and female offspring was studied at the age of 70–80 days. In both sexes the brain weight was lower (p〈0.05) in CPA-treated than in control rats. Morphometrical investigations showed that the surface density (Sv) and the volume density (Vv) of the ventromedial nucleus were higher (p〈0.05) in CPA-treated male than in control rats. By comparing sexes the Sv and Vv of the ventromedial nucleus were higher (p〈0.01) in CPA-treated male than in corresponding female rats. Also the nuclear surface of the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons of the arcuate nucleus was higher (p〈0.05) in CPA-treated male than in female rats. In lactotropes of the pituitary gland the immunoreactive prolactin (PRL) was densitometrically increased (p〈 0.05) in CPA-treated female compared with control rats. By electron microscopy, PRL granules and autophagocytosis appeared to be more abundant in CPA-treated rats of both sexes. These data show that fetal exposure to CPA results in long-term anatomical and physiological alterations of hypothalamic and preoptic nuclei as well as of the pituitary lactotropes. These permanent changes support the functional endocrine abnormalities observed in adult rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231158
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Listing's law for eye, head and arm movements and their synergistic control (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Eye ; Head ; Arm ; Coordination ; Gaze ; Rotatory synergy ; Reaching ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have recorded eye, head, and upper arm rotations in five healthy human subjects using the three-dimensional search coil technique. Our measurements show that the coordination of eye and head movements during gaze shifts within ± 25 deg relative to the forward direction is organized by restricting the rotatory trajectories of the two systems to almost parallel planes. These so-called “Listing planes” for eye-in-space and head-in-space rotations are workspace-oriented, not body-fixed. Eye and head trajectories in their respective planes are closely related in direction and amplitude. For pointing or grasping, the rotatory trajectories of the arm are also restricted to a workspace-oriented Listing plane. During visually guided movements, arm follows gaze, and the nine-dimensional rotatory configuration space for eye-head-arm-synergies (three degrees of freedom for each system) is reduced to a two-dimensional plane in the space of quaternion vectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231055
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Context-dependent force coding in motor and premotor cortical areas (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 128 (1999), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Precision grip ; Context-dependency ; Force ; Finger representation ; Motor cortex ; Premotor cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In three monkeys trained to finely grade grip force in a visuomotor step-tracking task, the effect of the context on neuronal force correlates was quantitatively assessed. Three trial types, which differed in force range, number, and direction of the force steps, were presented pseudo-randomly and cued with the color of the cursor serving as feedback of the exerted force. Quantitative analyses were made on 85 neurons with similar discharge patterns in the three trial types and significant linear positive (54 cells) or negative (31 cells) correlation coefficients between firing rate and force. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that the population slopes for 2-step were steeper than for 3-step trials. Another ANCOVA at the population level, computed on the differences in firing rate and force between force steps, persistently disclosed a significant effect of trial type. For the first two force steps, the differences in firing rate were significantly larger in the 2-step than in the 3-step increase trials. Further analyses revealed that neither the force range nor the number of steps was a unique factor. A small group of neurons was tested in an additional trial series with a uniform cue for all three trials, leading to either a loss of context-dependency or to unexpected changes in firing rate. This demonstrates that the cue color was an important instruction for task performance and neuronal activity. The most important findings are that the context-dependent changes were occurring ”on-line”, and that neurons displaying context-dependency were found in all three lateral premotor cortex hand regions and in the primary motor cortex. Finger muscle activity did not show any context dependency. The context-dependent effect leads to a normalization of the cortical activity. The advantage of normalization is discussed and mechanisms for the gain regulation are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050827
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eye and head movements to auditory targets (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 41 (1981), S. 358-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Eye movements ; Saccade ; Coordinate remapping ; Auditory localization ; Eye-head coordination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three adult female monkeys were trained to direct their gaze toward auditory targets. When the animals were free to move their heads about the vertical axis, this was accomplished with shortlatency, coordinated eye-head movements reminiscent of responses to visual targets. The similarity of response to auditory and visual targets suggests a common motor program elicited by stimuli of different modalities. Since these modalities do not share the same reference system, this implies a remapping between the two reference systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238893
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