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  • Flexibility of glycosidic linkages  (1)
  • JEL-Classification: L13  (1)
  • Key words Transcranial magnetic stimulation  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Transcranial magnetic stimulation ; Prefrontal cortex ; Parietal cortex ; Saccades ; Working memory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We investigated the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in a visuospatial delayed-response task in humans. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (20 Hz, 0.5 s) was used to interfere temporarily with cortical activity in the DLPFC and PPC during the delay period. Omnidirectional memory-guided saccades with a 3-s delay were used as a quantifiable motor response to a visuospatial cue. The question addressed was whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the DLPFC or PPC during the sensory of memory phase affects accuracy of memory-guided saccades. Stimulation over the primary motor cortex served as control. Stimulation over the DLPFC significantly impaired accuracy of memory-guided saccades in amplitude and direction. Stimulation over the PPC impaired accuracy of memory-guided saccades only when applied within the sensory phase (50 ms after cue offset), but not during the memory phase (500 ms after cue offset). These results provide further evidence for a parieto-frontal network controlling performance of visuospatial delayed-response tasks in humans. It can be concluded that within this network the DLPFC is mainly concerned with the mnemonic respresentation and the PPC with the sensory representation of spatially defined perceptual information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: 1D transient NOE ; Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations ; Flexibility of glycosidic linkages ; Maltose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary One-dimensional transient NOE build-up curves were measured for the synthetic disaccharide α-d-Fuc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcNAc 1 utilizing Gaussian shaped pulses. Simulated build-up curves from Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations were compared to the experimental data. Disaccharide 1 is structurally related to methyl β-d-maltoside in that it also contains an α-(1→4) linkage, and it has the same configuration of groups around the glycosidic linkage. Analysis of NOEs in methyl β-d-maltoside is restricted to those observed upon selective excitation of H1′ because of severe spectral overlap. The situation is different in 1 where 1H-NMR signals are well separated. Several interglycosidic NOEs were observed. The corresponding build-up curves allowed an accurate determination of the conformational preferences at the glycosidic linkage in 1. Comparison of experimental and theoretical NOE build-up curves showed clearly that rigid minimum-energy models cannot account for the experimental data. The best fit of experimental NOE build-up curves was obtained with theoretical curves from a 2×106 step Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation with the temperature parameter set at 1000 K. Finally, it was observed that only the interglycosidic NOE H5′/H6-pro-S significantly depends upon varying conformation distributions at the α-(1→4)-glycosidic linkage, induced by choosing different temperature parameters for the Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 6 (1996), S. 411-423 
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: JEL-Classification: L13 ; O31 ; Key words: Evolutionary economics  ;  Schumpeterian competition  ;  Innovation  ; Oligopoly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The modeling of Schumpeterian competition as a process of innovation, imitation and selection was first presented by Nelson/Winter (1982) in a simulation study and further analyzed in a similar but general analytical formulation by Iwai (1984a, 1984b). Their results concerning the relations between the combination of the different forces of Schumpeterian competition and market structure respectively the distributions of profits are interesting, but restricted to competitive markets. Comparing rules of thumb and satisficing for the Ramp;D decisions the present study analyzes the process of Schumpeterian competition in a heterogeneous oligopoly. Firstly, the authors find for the Ramp;D-concentration relation results contrary to the traditional interpretation of Schumpeter. Secondly, Iwai’s (1984a, 1984b) qualitative results hold in this less restrictive modeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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