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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Italian SEPSIS study: Preliminary results on the incidence and evolution of SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. S244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Sepsis ; ICU ; SIRS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This prospective, multicenter, epidemiological study was carried out in 99 Italian ICUs, distributed throughout the country, from April 1993 to March 1994. In the study, we applied the new ACCP/SCCM classification system for sepsis (SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock) and determined the prevalence, incidence, evolution and outcome of these categories in critically ill patients. The preliminary analysis of 1101 patients showed that on admission SIRS accounted for about half of the diagnoses (52%) with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock accounting for 4.5%, 2.1% and 3% of patients, respectively. Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock more frequently had high SAPS scores than patients without sepsis. Mortality rates were similar in patients with SIRS (26.5%) and without SIRS or infection (24%), but rose to 36% in patients with sepsis, to 52% in those with severe sepsis and to 81.8% in those with septic shock. Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock were more common in patients with medical diagnoses, and neither severe sepsis nor septic shock was observed in trauma patients. With respect to evolution, the incidence of septic shock was progressively higher in patients admitted with more severe “sepsis-related” diagnoses, while only a trivial difference in rates of incidence was observed between SIRS patients and those admitted without SIRS or any septic disorder (nil). The breakdown of the various ACCP/SCCM “sepsis-related” diagnoses at any time during the study was: SIRS in 58% of the population, sepsis in 16.3%, severe sepsis in 5.5% and septic shock in 6.1%. It seems reasonable to expect from the final evaluation of our study answers to the questions raised by the ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference about the correlations between “sepsis-related” diagnosis, severity score, organ dysfunction score and outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740762
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased plasma bilirubin in Parkinson patients on L-dopa: evidence against the free radical hypothesis? (1997)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 18 (1997), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Bilirubin ; L-dopa ; Parkinson's disease ; Free radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Il danno ossidativo prodotto dai radicali liberi può contribuire a provocare il morbo di Parkinson (PD), inoltre il trattamento con L-dopa può determinare un aumento dello stress ossidativo nelle cellule nigrali dei pazienti con PD e questo suggerirebbe di ritardare il più a lungo possibile la terapia con L-dopa. La bilirubina è un potente antiossidantein vitro anche quando è legata all'albumina e questo propone un suo ruolo fisiologico come agente antiossidante. È stato calcolato che la bilirubina è in grado di attraversare la barriera emato-encefalica in quantità sufficienti da esercitare un effetto antiossidante nel cervello. Abbiamo trovato un aumento significativo (circa del 20%) della bilirubina plasmatica in 162 pazienti con PD in trattamento cronico con L-dopa in confronto a 93 pazienti parkinsoniani non trattati e 224 soggetti di controllo non parkinsoniani. Proponiamo che lo stress ossidativo nelle cellule nigrali prodotto dalla L-dopa nei pazienti parkinsoniani possa essere efficacemente controbilanciato da livelli aumentati di bilirubina. Il meccanismo con il quale la bilirubina plasmatica viene aumentata non è attualmente conosciuto.
    Notes: Abstract Oxidative damage by free radicals may contribute to the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and increased oxidative stress in the nigral cells of PD patients may occur following L-dopa treatment, prompting suggestions that L-dopa therapy should be delayed as long as possible. Bilirubin is a potent antioxidantin vitro, even when bound to albumin, suggesting a physiological role as an antioxidant. Calculations indicate that bilirubin can pass the blood-brain barrier in sufficient quantity to exert a significant antioxidant effect in the brain. We have found a highly significant (about 20%) increase in plasma bilirubin in 162 PD patients on chronic L-dopa treatment compared to 93 untreated parkinsonians and 224 non-parkinsonian controls. We propose that L-dopa-induced increase in nigral oxidative stress in PD may be effectively counteracted by increased bilirubin levels. The mechanism by which plasma bilirubin is increased in patients receiving L-dopa is at present unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01999565
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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