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  • Glucose  (2)
  • Preprogrammed waveforms  (1)
  • animal ‘model’  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood glucose control and insulin clearance in unrestrained diabetic dogs portally infused with a portable insulin delivery system (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 452-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose ; insulin ; infusion ; hepatic degradation ; insulin clearance ; portal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Long term glucose control in pancreatectomised dogs has been obtained with portal insulin therapy. When compared to a previous similar study using peripheral infusions, 20% less exogenous insulin was required and peripheral fasting insulin levels were 30% lower. Animals (n = 5) were unrestrained, conscious and carried a programmable insulin pump for 163–224 days. In the post-absorptive state blood glucose was normal (87±5 mg/dl) as was plasma insulin (10±1 mU/l) with porcine insulin infused at a basal rate of 0.36±0.01 mU/kg/min. Following ingestion of a standard mixed meal the infusion rate was increased to 2.47±0.09 mU/kg/ min for 7 1/2 h resulting in post-prandial normalisation of blood glucose. Peripheral plasma insulin levels were twice normal during the post-prandial infusion, but only half those previously reported with peripheral infusions. Insulin clearance rates were 37 ml/kg/min in the basal state and rose significantly post-prandially. In the absence of extra meal-time insulin the clearance rate was unaffected by the resulting post-prandial hyperglycaemia and similar to values observed with insulin infused peripherally at 0.45±0.03 mU/kg/min. No significant increase in the post-prandial rate of insulin clearance relative to the fasting rate was observed with peripherally administered insulin. It was thus concluded that portal insulin replacement in pancreatectomised dogs could normalise both blood glucose and insulin in the fasting state, but post-prandial peripheral insulin levels remained elevated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281825
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metabolic and hormonal responses to glucose infusion in anaesthetized normal and diabetic dogs controlled by an artificial B-cell (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose ; artificial pancreas ; insulin ; glucagon ; lactate ; pyruvate ; alanine ; free fatty acids ; anaesthesia ; metabolic response ; insulin infusion ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The metabolic response to glucose infusion in anaesthetized normal and pancreatectomized dogs has been assessed. Normoglycaemia was achieved in the diabetic dogs with an external artificial B-cell which administered insulin into the peripheral circulation. No differences were found in the levels of blood glucose, glucagon, lactate, pyruvate and plasma non-esterified fatty acids, either in the fasting state or in response to glucose infusion. However, compared to normal animals normoglycaemic diabetic dogs had significantly elevated circulating levels of insulin and alanine at all times. Fasting levels of the same hormones and metabolites were also measured in conscious dogs. Blood pyruvate levels were higher, and plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels lower, in the anaesthetized animals. There were also minor but consistent changes in blood glucose and plasma insulin while glucagon, lactate and alanine levels were unaffected by anaesthesia. In conclusion, controlled barbiturate anaesthesia has relatively minor effects on the metabolic and hormonal status of the dog. The metabolic and hormonal response to glucose infusion in pancreatectomized dogs treated with an artificial B-cell was almost entirely normalized, except for peripheral hyperinsulinaemia and hyperalaninaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261704
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diabetic syndrome of the ‘BB’ Wistar rat: Possible relevance to Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in man (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 22 (1982), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; animal ‘model’ ; lymphopenia ; immunity ; insulin ; glucagon ; neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The diabetes which occurs spontaneously in the ‘BB’ Wistar rat has many affinities with human Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. It occurs in a non-obese, standard, laboratory rat derived from a non-inbred Wistar line. Both sexes are affected, with onset corresponding approximately to the time of sexual maturation. Both genetic and immune factors are involved in the aetiology, but their precise nature remains to be defined. Evolution of the overt clinical syndrome occurs over a period of hours to a few days. An intense insulitis is found, accompanied by selective destruction of B cells. Although insulitis may precede diabetes by many weeks, within 7–21 days after glycosuria the B cells are completely destroyed and have disappeared and the islets are few, small and with little residual inflammation. If untreated, marked wasting of body tissues, including fat and muscle protein, dehydration, and ketosis supervene. Careful study of littermates reveals glucose intolerance in 10%–25%, accompanied always by insulitis and these rats may subsequently develop insulin-dependent diabetes. Marked lymphopenia, mainly of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, both precedes and is sustained during glucose intolerance and overt diabetes. This lymphopenia appears to be associated reliably with insulitis, and may be a simple marker of susceptibility thereto. Abnormalities of nerves, testicles, and a tendency towards increased frequency of lymphomas have been found. Further research in this animal could lead to insights into aetiology, pathophysiology and complications potentially applicable to man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281296
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal glycaemic control in unrestrained diabetic dogs using programmed compound squarewave insulin infusions (1981)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 19 (1981), S. 406-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Hyperinsulinaemia ; Open-loop insulin delivery system ; Preprogrammed waveforms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A glycaemic control identical with the normal has been achieved in unrestrained totally depancreatised dogs using a portable open-loop insulin delivery system. The device consisted of a battery power pack with a flow-rate controller, an insulin reservoir and a peristaltic pump from which pulses of insulin were delivered every 90 seconds into the inferior vena cava through an exteriorised indwelling catheter. Insulin was infused at the basal rate of 0.45±0.03 mUkg−1 min−1 (Mean±s.e.m.) in the postabsorptive state resulting in peripheral IRI and plasma glucose levels of 12±1 μU ml−1 and 86±7 mg dl−1. In the postprandial period the infusion rate was enhanced sevenfold to the rate of 3.16±0.21 mU kg−1min−1 for 7h and then reduced to 1.05±0.07 mU kg−1 min−1 for an additional 2.25 h. A weight-maintaining constant diet was provided and the resulting glycaemic profiles were similar to age, sex and weight-matched healthy controls. Fasting peripheral insulin levels in the infused diabetic dogs were not significantly different from non-diabetic controls (10±1μUml−1). However, in the postprandial period of enhanced delivery, insulin levels in the diabetic dogs were 3.1 times higher than the controls. With the compound square waveforms of preprogrammed insulin infusion found appropriate in this study unaccountable low or high plasma glucose levels did not occur but hyperinsulinism accompanied the glycaemic normalisation following a mixed meal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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