Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term suppression of postprandial hyperglycaemia with acarbose retards the development of neuropathies in the BB/W-rat (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Postprandial hyperglycaemia ; autonomic neuropathy ; somatic neuropathy ; BB/W-rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose on postprandial hyperglycaemia was explored in the spontaneously diabetic BB/W-rat. Acarbose-treatment (5 mg·kg body weight−1·day−1) of diabetic BB/W-rats maintained on small doses of insulin, was associated with a 40% reduction in the 24-h glucose area compared to non-treated diabetic rats. Over a 4 month treatment period this reduction in cumulative hyperglycaemia resulted in a complete prevention of autonomic polyneuropathy as indicated by R-BAR values. The development of somatic polyneuropathy in the BB/W-rat was significantly attenuated by acarbose treatment with a partial prevention of the characteristic nerve conduction velocity slowing during the first 3 months of diabetes, but no longer at 4 months. Characteristic structural abnormalities associated with diabetes in this model, such as axonal atrophy and axo-glial dysjunction, were significantly but only partially prevented in rats treated with acarbose for a diabetes duration of 4 months. These data suggest that postprandial lowering of hyperglycaemia resulting in a decrease in cumulative hyperglycaemia retards the development of diabetic polyneuropathies in the BB/W-rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401199
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reproducibility and sensitivity of sural nerve morphometry in the assessment of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 560-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; neuropathy ; morphometry ; sural nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nerve fibre loss, atrophy and injury of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy and their responses to metabolic intervention have been studied by morphometric analysis of sural nerve biopsies. The magnitudes and sources of intra- and inter-individual variation in these morphometric measures have not been investigated previously in a systematic manner. Morphometric parameters of nerve fibre damage were measured in four separate fascicles from bilateral sural nerve specimens obtained post-mortem from 13 diabetic and 13 non-diabetic subjects. Intra- and inter-individual coefficients of variation were computed and compared to the magnitude of the differences between normal and diabetic subjects. Several morphometric variables emerged as highly sensitive and reproducible measures of nerve fibre damage suitable for clinical studies of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. These observations provide a rational basis for the design of future clinical trials employing morphometric end-points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400485
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotically-induced nerve taurine depletion and the compatible osmolyte hypothesis in experimental diabetic neuropathy in the rat (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 608-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; experimental neuropathy ; taurine ; osmoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetic neuropathy results from progressive nerve fibre damage with blunted nerve regeneration and repair and may be complicated by nerve hyperexcitability resulting in pain. The naturally occurring amino acid taurine functions as an osmolyte, inhibitory neurotransmitter, and modulator of pain perception. It is also known to have neurotrophic actions. The compatible osmolyte hypothesis proposes that levels of intracellular organic osmolytes including taurine and myo-inositol, respond co-ordinately in response to changes in intracellular sorbitol or external osmolality to maintain the intracellular milieu. We hypothesize that glucose-induced sorbitol accumulation in diabetes mellitus will result in taurine depletion in peripheral nerve which may potentially impair nerve regeneration and precipitate neuronal hyperexcitability and pain. This study explored the relationships of taurine, myo-inositol and sorbitol in the rat nerve and their effects on nerve conduction velocity. Osmolyte levels and nerve conduction velocity were determined in sciatic nerve from non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with or without dietary taurine or myo-inositol supplementation. Taurine levels decreased by 31% (p〈 0.01) and myo-inositol decreased by 37% (p〈0.05) in diabetic nerve as sorbitol accumulated. Taurine supplementation of diabetic animals did not affect nerve conduction velocity but further reduced nerve myo-inositol levels. Prevention of sorbitol accumulation with the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil increased nerve taurine levels by 22% (p〈0.05) when compared with untreated diabetic animals. Thus, we have demonstrated an interdependence of organic osmolytes within the nerve. Abnormal accumulation of one osmolyte results in reciprocal depletion of others. Diabetic neuropathy may be an example of maladaptive osmoregulation, nerve damage and instability being aggravated by taurine depletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404069
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diabetic neuropathies (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. B74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051409
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental diabetic neuropathy: an update (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 773-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Neuropathy ; pathogenesis ; metabolism ; physiology ; pathology.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diabetic neuropathy consists of several clinical syndromes affecting motor, sensory and autonomic nerves. Of these the most common is distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy usually referred to as diabetic neuropathy. Animal studies, mainly in diabetic rodents, have contributed tremendously to our understanding of this disease. From these it is clear that the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is multifactorial involving sequentially occurring and often closely interrelated metabolic aberrations. Major pathogenetic mechanisms include increased activity of the polyol pathway, abnormalities in vasoactive substances, non-enzymatic glycation, increased presence of free radicals, and perturbed neurotrophism. Traditionally the neuropathies accompanying Type I (insulin-dependent) and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus have been regarded as identical. Recent investigations have, however, clearly delineated distinct differences in the functional and structural expressions of the neuropathies in the two types of diabetes. Major future challenges are the identification of the differences in underlying pathogenetic mechanisms in the two types of neuropathy and in gaining a better understanding of the hierarchy of the multifactorial mechanisms underlying the disease. This will be important for designing meaningful therapies which to date have failed miserably in diabetic neuropathy. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 773-788]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051227
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired visual evoked potential and primary axonopathy of the optic nerve in the diabetic BB/W-rat (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 602-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Visual evoked potential ; neuropathy ; opticnerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spontaneously diabetic BB/W-rat has emerged as an important model system for somatic and autonomic diabetic polyneuropathy. In this study we examined visual evoked potentials and the presence of morphometric and structural changes in the optic nerve and the retinal ganglion cells and their afferent axons contained in the retinal nerve fibre layer. A six-month duration of diabetes mellitus was associated with significant increases in the latencies of the visual evoked potentials. The latency of the first positive potential showed a 44% increase, and that of the first negative potential was prolonged by 41%. No significant changes were demonstrated at any of the amplitudes. In the optic nerve mean myelinated fibre size was significantly reduced to 82% of control values, which was accounted for by a significant reduction in axonal size. Axo-glial dysjunction, a prominent structural defect of diabetic somato-sensory neuropathy in both man and diabetic rodents, was non-significantly increased in the optic nerve. In diabetic animals retinal ganglion cells displayed dystrophic changes. No such changes were observed in age- and sex-matched control animals. Proximal axons of the retinal nerve fibre layer showed an increase in dystrophic axons in diabetic BB/W-rats. Morphometric analysis of optic nerve capillaries revealed no abnormalities except for basement membrane thickening. The present data suggest that the diabetic BB/W-rat develops a central sensory neuropathy, characterized functionally by prolonged latencies of the visual evoked potentials and structurally by an axonopathy of optic nerve fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400249
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preventive effect of aldose reductase inhibition on diabetic optic neuropathy in the BB/W-rat (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 893-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Optic neuropathy ; visual evoked potential ; diabetic BB/W-rat ; aldose reductase inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A polyol-pathway-related mechanism has been invoked in the pathogenesis of murine and human diabetic peripheral neuropathy in which progressive axonal atrophy and axo-glial dysjunction constitute the cardinal structural abnormalities. We have previously reported similar neuroanatomical changes in the optic nerve of 6-month diabetic BB/W-rats. In the present study we demonstrate progression of axonal atrophy and axo-glial dysjunction in the optic nerve in 12-month diabetic BB/W-rats. These structural lesions showed highly significant correlations with the associated prolongation of the latencies of the visual evoked potentials, suggesting that axo-glial dysjunction and axonal atrophy are major determinants for impaired optic nerve function. As in peripheral nerve, the polyol-pathway is present in the optic nerve and is activated by hyperglycaemia and galactosaemia. In this study we further examined the treatment effect of the aldose reductase inhibitor ponalrestat, given from 3 weeks of diabetes and continued throughout the study protocol. This regimen resulted in complete prevention of axo-glial dysjunction, and had a significant ameliorating effect on visual evoked potential latencies, but had no effect on optic nerve axonal atrophy. This latter finding differs from the effect of aldose reductase inhibition on diabetic peripheral nerve and suggests that axonal atrophy of central nerve tracts in diabetes may be the consequence of other metabolic abnormalities or alternatively the present regimen was insufficient to protect central axons from the effects of an increased activity of the polyol pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374469
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anionic sites in diabetic basement membranes and their possible role in diffusion barrier abnormalities in the BB-rat (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Capillary basement membranes ; Bruch's membrane ; anionic sites ; cuprolinic blue ; BB-Wistar rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Basement membrane anionic sites, thought to be responsible for charge selective permeability barriers, were investigated in retinal, endoneurial, and muscle capillary basement membranes and in Bruch's membrane of diabetic, and age- and sex-matched non-diabetic BB-rats using an ultrastructural quantitative histochemical technique. Six months of diabetes was associated with significant basement membrane thickening which was linearly related to a decrease in anionic site density suggesting a relative loss of proteoglycans. Calculation of anionic sites per unit length of basement membrane, reflecting their absolute number, revealed a significant loss in basement membrane, constituting part of normal blood-tissue barrier systems such as retinal and endoneurial capillary basement membranes, and the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium. The absolute number of anionic sites in normally permeable microvessels, such as those of muscle and choriocapillaries, was unaltered by diabetes. We conclude that this specific loss of anionic sites in basement membranes of tissues affected by chronic diabetic complications may in part be responsible for permeability abnormalities seen in these tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405000
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced number of anionic sites is associated with glomerular basement membrane thickening in the diabetic BB-rat (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 826-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glomerular basement membrane ; anionic sites ; cuprolinic blue ; BB-rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomerular basement membranes of diabetic and age- and sex-matched non-diabetic BB rats were studied morphometrically and ultrastructurally using a quantitative histochemical technique employing the cationic dye cuprolinic blue. Six months of diabetes resulted in a significant reduction in the density of anionic sites associated with increased thickness of the glomerular basement membrane. These findings suggest that loss of anionic sites may be an important mechanism in the genesis of glomerular basement membrane dysfunction in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264915
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diabetic syndrome of the ‘BB’ Wistar rat: Possible relevance to Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in man (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 22 (1982), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; animal ‘model’ ; lymphopenia ; immunity ; insulin ; glucagon ; neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The diabetes which occurs spontaneously in the ‘BB’ Wistar rat has many affinities with human Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. It occurs in a non-obese, standard, laboratory rat derived from a non-inbred Wistar line. Both sexes are affected, with onset corresponding approximately to the time of sexual maturation. Both genetic and immune factors are involved in the aetiology, but their precise nature remains to be defined. Evolution of the overt clinical syndrome occurs over a period of hours to a few days. An intense insulitis is found, accompanied by selective destruction of B cells. Although insulitis may precede diabetes by many weeks, within 7–21 days after glycosuria the B cells are completely destroyed and have disappeared and the islets are few, small and with little residual inflammation. If untreated, marked wasting of body tissues, including fat and muscle protein, dehydration, and ketosis supervene. Careful study of littermates reveals glucose intolerance in 10%–25%, accompanied always by insulitis and these rats may subsequently develop insulin-dependent diabetes. Marked lymphopenia, mainly of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, both precedes and is sustained during glucose intolerance and overt diabetes. This lymphopenia appears to be associated reliably with insulitis, and may be a simple marker of susceptibility thereto. Abnormalities of nerves, testicles, and a tendency towards increased frequency of lymphomas have been found. Further research in this animal could lead to insights into aetiology, pathophysiology and complications potentially applicable to man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281296
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...