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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin-pancreazymin ; diabetes ; insulin ; pancreatitis ; pancreatic function tests ; secretin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between insulin responses to oral glucose and pancreatic exocrine function were examined in 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Good correlations were found between the insulin responses and exocrine pancreatic function measured as the concentrations of pancreatic enzymes in duodenal juice after intravenous cholecystokinin-pancreazymin (CCK-PZ). There appears to be a roughly parallel loss of endocrine and exocrine function in the course of chronic pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key wordsReg gene ; islet neogenesis ; cellophane wrap ; hamster.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have reported previously that cellophane wrapping of the hamster pancreas is a stimulus that leads to the induction of duct epithelial cell proliferation, followed by endocrine cell differentiation and new islet formation. Reg is a candidate gene that has been reported to be expressed in regenerating pancreatic islets, suggesting a role in islet growth. We examined Reg gene expression in the cellophane-wrap model by isolating total RNA from hamster pancreata at various times after wrapping. Northern blot analysis using a rat cDNA Reg probe showed no expression of Reg in control non-wrapped hamster pancreas, whereas a strong signal was detected in control wrapped rat pancreas. Using reverse transcription of RNA followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) we amplified, isolated and sequenced a 194 base pair product which showed homology to rat Reg in both control and wrapped hamster pancreas. When the PCR product was used as a probe for Northern blot analysis, no signal was detected in control non-wrapped pancreata. In contrast, a strong signal was detected 1 and 2 days after wrapping, which then returned to basal between 4 and 6 days after wrapping. A similar temporal pattern was observed using in situ hybridization to localize the Reg gene. One- and 2-day wrapped but not control pancreas expressed Reg in acinar cells, but not in islets. In conclusion, (a) Reg expression is low in the control hamster pancreas; (b) in the cellophane-wrap model of islet neogenesis, increased Reg mRNA is found within acinar tissue; (c) Reg gene may thus be involved as an acinar paracrine effector of duct cell proliferation in the initial step of islet neogenesis, but may also participate in the inflammatory response to traumatic stimuli. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 906–913]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. B74 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 957-973 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; hamster ; islet regeneration ; growth factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Partial pancreatic duct obstruction in the hamster leads to the induction of endocrine-cell differentiation and new islet formation. We prepared cytosolic extracts from the partially obstructed pancreas and identified one, which when administered i.p., produced significant increases in the incorporation of tritiated thymidine by ductular and islet cells, as well as a corresponding increase in islet mass. In this study, we evaluate the ability of this extract to reverse streptozotocin diabetes mellitus. Hamsters were treated i. p. twice daily for 7 weeks with either 0.9% NaCl (saline) (n=10) or a cytosol extract (n=10) prepared previously from partially obstructed hamster pancreata. All animals in the cytosol group survived vs only 60% of the saline group (p=0.02). Random blood glucose levels were greater than 22.2 mmol/l in 90% of the saline group vs 40% in the cytosol group (p〈0.05). Pancreatic tissue from the surviving saline animals and from persistently hyperglycaemic cytosol-treated animals, showed intra-cytoplasmic vacuolation of islet cells, a characteristic lesion of sustained hyperglycaemic states. Vacuolation was not observed in normoglycaemic extract treated animals. Islets in hyperglycaemic animals demonstrated a profound decrease or absence of immunoreactive insulin, compared to an abundance of immunoreactive beta cells in cytosol-treated animals that reverted to normoglycaemia. In this group, single cells or nests of cells stained for insulin or glucagon cells were identified in ductal epithelium in association with cells budding from the duct. Morphometric analysis of pancreata in reverted cytosol-treated animals showed a new population of small islets compared with saline controls and an increased islet mass. In summary, streptozotocin diabetes can be reversed by new islet formation induced by local pancreatic growth factors, the exact nature of which remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Reg gene ; islet neogenesis ; cellophane wrap ; hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have reported previously that cellophane wrapping of the hamster pancreas is a stimulus that leads to the induction of duct epithelial cell proliferation, followed by endocrine cell differentiation and new islet formation. Reg is a candidate gene that has been reported to be expressed in regenerating pancreatic islets, suggesting a role in islet growth. We examined Reg gene expression in the cellophane-wrap model by isolating total RNA from hamster pancreata at various times after wrapping. Northern blot analysis using a rat cDNA Reg probe showed no expression of Reg in control non-wrapped hamster pancreas, whereas a strong signal was detected in control wrapped rat pancreas. Using reverse transcription of RNA followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) we amplified, isolated and sequenced a 194 base pair product which showed homology to rat Reg in both control and wrapped hamster pancreas. When the PCR product was used as a probe for Northern blot analysis, no signal was detected in control non-wrapped pancreata. In contrast, a strong signal was detected 1 and 2 days after wrapping, which then returned to basal between 4 and 6 days after wrapping. A similar temporal pattern was observed using in situ hybridization to localize the Reg gene. One- and 2-day wrapped but not control pancreas expressed Reg in acinar cells, but not in islets. In conclusion, (a) Reg expression is low in the control hamster pancreas; (b) in the cellophane-wrap model of islet neogenesis, increased Reg mRNA is found within acinar tissue; (c) Reg gene may thus be involved as an acinar paracrine effector of duct cell proliferation in the initial step of islet neogenesis, but may also participate in the inflammatory response to traumatic stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetes mellitus ; hamster ; islet regeneration ; growth factors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Partial pancreatic duct obstruction in the hamster leads to the induction of endocrine-cell differentiation and new islet formation. We prepared cytosolic extracts from the partially obstructed pancreas and identified one, which when administered i. p., produced significant increases in the incorporation of tritiated thymidine by ductular and islet cells, as well as a corresponding increase in islet mass. In this study, we evaluate the ability of this extract to reverse streptozotocin diabetes mellitus. Hamsters were treated i. p. twice daily for 7 weeks with either 0.9 % NaCl (saline) (n = 10) or a cytosol extract (n = 10) prepared previously from partially obstructed hamster pancreata. All animals in the cytosol group survived vs only 60 % of the saline group (p = 0.02). Random blood glucose levels were greater than 22.2 mmol/l in 90 % of the saline group vs 40 % in the cytosol group (p 〈 0.05). Pancreatic tissue from the surviving saline animals and from persistently hyperglycaemic cytosol-treated animals, showed intra-cytoplasmic vacuolation of islet cells, a characteristic lesion of sustained hyperglycaemic states. Vacuolation was not observed in normoglycaemic extract treated animals. Islets in hyperglycaemic animals demonstrated a profound decrease or absence of immunoreactive insulin, compared to an abundance of immunoreactive beta cells in cytosol-treated animals that reverted to normoglycaemia. In this group, single cells or nests of cells stained for insulin or glucagon cells were identified in ductal epithelium in association with cells budding from the duct. Morphometric analysis of pancreata in reverted cytosol-treated animals showed a new population of small islets compared with saline controls and an increased islet mass. In summary, streptozotocin diabetes can be reversed by new islet formation induced by local pancreatic growth factors, the exact nature of which remains to be determined. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 256–262]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Tolbutamide ; free fatty acids (FFA) ; insulin (IRI) ; glucose ; single dose ; divided dose ; maturity onset diabetics ; oral ; intravenous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude compare les valeurs de la glycémie, de l'insuline plasmatique et du tolbutamide pendant 48 h consécutives chez dix sujets, les uns recevant une seule dose de tolbutamide par jour, les autres recevant des doses fractionnées (les deux types d'administration sont également efficaces quant à leur effet d'abaisser la glycémie pendant toute la durée des 48 h). — On a constaté que 2 à 5 mg pour cent de tolbutamide dans le plasma provoquaient une certaine diminution de la glycémie, et 24 h après une seule dose administrée oralement, on a trouvé des taux efficaces dans le plasma de certains sujets. — L'insuline plasmatique semble réagir à la fluctuation des taux de glucose plutôt qu'aux taux de tolbutamide et ne peut pas expliquer entièrement l'effet prolongé du tolbutamide. — Le tolbutamide administré par voie intraveineuse trois heures après une dose précédemment prise par voie orale provoqua une augmentation supplémentaire de l'insuline plasmatique. Cet effet était accentué lorsque l'intervalle était porté à 18 h. On a souvent observé un second pic dans les taux d'insuline plasmatique une heure après une injection intraveineuse de tolbutamide. — Aucune réponse insulinique n'a été constatée après des doses orales répétées, administrées à des intervalles de 6 à 8 h. — On a souvent observé une augmentation inattendue des FFA du plasma dix minutes après une injection intraveineuse de tolbutamide. Ceci peut être attribué aux taux très élevés de tolbutamide circulant qui sont mesurés comme FFA par la méthode employée. — Le mécanisme de l'action prolongée du tolbutamide demeure obscur. Ces constations et leurs relations possibles avec cette action font l'objet de discussions.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit vergleicht das Verhalten von Blutzucker, Seruminsulin und Tolbutamidspiegeln im Plasma bei 10 Personen während 48 Std nach Verabreichung von Tolbutamid in einer Einzelgabe oder in verteilten Dosen. (Beide Arten der Verabreichung hatten während 48 Std den gleichen blutzuckersenkenden Effekt.) Schon 2 bis 5 mg% Tolbutamid im Plasma führten zu einer Blutzuckersenkung und bei einigen Probanden waren 24 Std nach einmaliger Tolbutamidgabe noch wirksame Konzentrationen im Plasma nachweisbar. — Das Seruminsulin scheint eher auf die Schwankungen des Blutzuckers als auf die Tolbutamidkonzentration anzusprechen und kann nicht in vollem Umfang für die verlängerte Wirkungsdauer des Tolbutamids verantwortlich gemacht werden. — Intravenöse Tolbutamidzufuhr 3 Std nach einer oralen Gabe führte zu einem weiteren Anstieg des Seruminsulins. Durch Verlängerung des Abstandes auf 18 Std wurde dieser Effekt verstärkt. Eine Stunde nach i. v. Tolbutamidgabe wurde häufig ein erneutes Ansteigen der Seruminsulinspiegel festgestellt. — Wiederholte orale Gaben in 6–8 stündlichen Abständen bewirkten keine Änderung der Seruminsulin-Konzentrationen. — Ein unerwarteter Anstieg der freien Fettsäuren im Plasma war ständig 10 min nach i. v. Tolbutamidgabe festgestellt worden. Dieser Anstieg ist durch die hohen Tolbutamid-Spiegel bedingt, die bei der Bestimmungsmethode der FFS miterfaßt werden. Die Wirkungsweise der verzögerten Tolbutamidreaktion bleibt noch ungeklärt. Die Ergebnisse und ihre Beziehungen zu dem verzögerten Tolbutamid-Effekt werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary This study compares blood glucose, plasma insulin and tolbutamide values throughout 48 h in 10 subjects on a single daily dose of tolbutamide and on a divided dose regimen (the two regimens are equally effective in their blood sugar lowering effect at all times throughout the 48 hours). — A plasma tolbutamide of 2–5 mg per cent was found to have some blood sugar lowering effect, and 24 h after a single oral dose effective levels were detectable in the plasma of some subjects. — Plasma insulin appears to respond to fluctuating glucose levels rather than to the tolbutamide levels and cannot fully account for the prolonged action of tolbutamide. — Tolbutamide given intravenously 3 h after a previous oral dose elicited a further rise in plasma insulin. The response was enhanced when the interval was increased to 18 h. A second peak in plasma insulin levels was often seen one hour after intravenous tolbutamide. — No insulin response was seen to repeated oral doses given at six to eight hour intervals. — An unexpected rise in plasma FFA was frequently observed ten minutes after intravenous tolbutamide. This may be attributed to the high circulating levels of tolbutamide which are measured as FFA by the method employed. — The mechanism of prolonged tolbutamide action remains unclear. These findings and their possible relationship to this action are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A double-blind study to compare the effect of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (bronio-criptine, CB 154, Sandoz) an ergot alkaloid with chlorotrianisene (Tace, Mer-National) on the inhibition of postpartum lactation was carried out in 38 women. At the dosages selected bromocriptine was more effective than chlorotrianisene in inhibiting lactation. Furthermore, bromocriptine significantly reduced serum prolactin levels to low normal values by the seventh day of treatment, whereas chlorotrianisene did not alter the normal progressive reduction in prolactin postpartum. Neither drug had significant toxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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