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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Antikaliuretic diuretics ; Positive inotropic effects ; Antiarrhythmic action ; Receptor for cardiac glycosides ; (Na++K+)-ATPase ; Antikaliuretische Diuretika ; Positiv inotroper Effekt ; Antiarrhythmische Wirkung ; Herzglykosidrezeptor ; (Na++ K+)-ATPase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die in letzter Zeit mehrfach berichteten direkten myokardialen Wirkungen der antikaliuretischen Diuretika Kanrenoat-Kalium und Triamteren wurden an herzkranken Patienten der Intensivstation überprüft. Außerdem wurden die Membraneffekte dieser Pharmaka auf die [3H]g-Strophanthinbindung an den Herzglykosidrezeptor und die (Na++K+)-ATPase-Aktivität isolierter menschlicher Herzmuskelzellmembranen gemessen, um die ihren Wirkungen zugrunde liegenden biochemischen Vorgänge aufzuklären. Mit Hilfe von Einschwemmkathetern (Swan-Ganz) in die A. pulmonalis und der Thermodilutionsmethode wurde das Herzminutenvolumen bei 16 Patienten gemessen. Triamteren (100–2000 mg p.o.) sowie Kanrenoat-Kalium in einer Dosierung von 200–1000 mg i.v. riefen keine signifikanten Änderungen der Meßwerte hervor. Nur nach der wiederholten intravenösen Applikation von Kanrenoat-Kalium (200 mg und nach 60 min 400 mg) konnte bei 7 Patienten ein Anstieg des Herzminutenvolumens um 11% (p〈0,05) gemessen werden. Bei 14 Patienten mit ventrikulärer Extrasystolie in Koinzidenz mit Digoxinkonzentrationen im Serum von 1,6–4,4 ng/ml war lediglich in 2 Fällen ein antiarrhythmischer Effekt durch Gabe von Kanrenoat-Kalium (200–400 mg i.v.) zu verzeichnen. Wegen seiner strukturellen Ähnlichkeit mit Herzglykosiden und seiner positiv inotropen Wirksamkeit liegt es nahe anzunehmen, daß Kanrenoat-Kalium wie Herzglykoside eine Bindung mit dem Herzglykosidrezeptor eingeht und wie diese die (Na++K+)-ATPase hemmt. Tatsächlich verdrängt Kanrenon, der Metabolit des Kanrenoat-Kalium, radioaktiv markiertes g-Strophanthin aus der Rezeptorbindung und hemmt die (Na++K+)-ATPase in den Konzentrationen, die auch in vivo nach therapeutischer Applikation gemessen worden sind. Bei Triamteren treten diese Wirkungen erst bei extrem hohen Konzentrationen auf, was auf unspezifische Effekte schließen läßt. Da Kanrenon an der Zellmembran Herzglykosidähnliche Eigenschaften hat, sind Digitalis-antagonistische (antiarrhythmische) Wirkungen nicht zu erwarten, während der positiv inotrope Effekt erklärlich ist.
    Notes: Summary Recently direct myocardial effects of antikaliuretic diuretics with respect to contractility parameters and prevention of digitalis-induced arrhythmias were published. In order to test the value of these reports we measured the effect of potassium-canrenoate and triamterene on cardiac output and on digitalis-induced arrhythmias in patients during diagnostic and therapeutic flow directed right heart catheterization (Swan-Ganz) in our intensive care unit. In addition the influence of these drugs on (Na++K+)-ATPase and on [3H]g-strophanthin binding to human cardiac cell membranes was investigated to gain information on the mechanism of their action. Triamterene (100–200 mg p.o.) was without any effect on cardiac output, the same was found true for potassium-canrenoate given in a single dose (200–1000 mg intravenously). However, when applied in two doses (200 mg i.v. and 60 min later 400 mg i.v.), potassium-canrenoate increased cardiac output by 11 per cent (p〈0.05). Only in 2 out of 14 patients potassium-canrenoate (200–400 mg i.v.) suppressed digitalis-induced ventricular ectopic beats. Canrenone, the active metabolite of potassium-canrenoate displaces [3H]g-strophanthin from its binding sites in human cardiac cell membranes and inhibits (Na++K+)-ATPase activity. These in vitro effects were measured at the same concentrations as found in vivo after “therapeutical” doses. The effects of triamterene in this respect were found only in extremely high concentrations. Our results imply that canrenone has cardiac glycoside-like effects in human cardiac cell membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1731-1742 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Semiefficient vulcanization systems (semi-EV) are often used when a stock requires good aging properties as well as good fatigue resistance. A partial replacement of sulfur in a conventional cure system with 4,4′-dithiobismorpholine or 2-mercaptabenzothiazyl 4-morpholino disulfide (BMD) is an example of semi-EV system. However, with BMD the scorch time is not always long enough for multisteps involved in the manufacturing of tires. Such new cure retarders as N-(cyclohexylthio)phalimide or N, N′-bis(cyclohexylthio)oxanilide showed very little efficiency in BMD cure systems. This paper describes the usage of new curing agents, (N-morpholinothio)imides, which can overcome the disadvantage of scorchness in BMD cure system and provide excellent aging properties. This is rationalized by the formation of BMD during vulcanization. The facile formation of BMD from N-(4-morpholinothio)phthalimide (MTP) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) serves to illustrate the feasibility of in situ formation of BMD during cure and to explain long scorch time observed with N-(4-morpholinothio)imides.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 654-654 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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