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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen acquisition by pea and barley and the effect of their crop residues on available nitrogen for subsequent crops (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Crop residues ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; Pisum sativum L. ; Mineralization-immobilization ; turnover of N ; Symbiotic N2 fixation-labelled N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen acquisition by field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on a sandy loam soil and availability of N in three subsequent sequences of a cropping system were studied in an outdoor pot experiment. The effect of crop residues on the N availability was evaluated using 15N-labelled residues. Field pea fixed 75% of its N requirement and the N2 fixation almost balanced the N removed with the seeds. The barley crop recovered 80% of the 15N-labelled fertilizer N supplied and the N in the barley grain corresponded to 80% of the fertilizer N taken up by the crop. The uptake of soil-derived N by a test crop (N catch crop) of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) grown in the autumn was higher after pea than after barley. The N uptake in the test crop was reduced by 27% and 34% after pea and barley residue incorporation, respectively, probably due to N immobilization. The dry matter production and total N uptake of a spring barley crop following pea or barley, with a period of unplanted soil in the autumn/winter, were significantly higher after pea than after barley. The barley crop following pea and barley recovered 11% of the pea and 8% of the barley residue N. The pea and barley residue N recovered constituted only 2.5% and 〈1%, respectively, of total N in the N-fertilized barley. The total N uptake in a test crop of mustard grown in the second autumn following pea and barley cultivation was not significantly influenced by pre-precrop and residue treatment. In the short term, the incorporation of crop residues was not important in terms of contributing N to the subsequent crop compared to soil and fertilizer N sources, but residues improved the conservation of soil N in the autumn. In the long-term, crop residues are an important factor in maintaining soil fertility and supplying plant-available N via mineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335923
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen acquisition by pea and barley and the effect of their crop residues on available nitrogen for subsequent crops (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Crop residues ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; Pisum sativum L. ; Mineralization-immobilization turnover of N ; Symbiotic N2 fixation-labelled N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen acquisition by field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on a sandy loam soil and availability of N in three subsequent sequences of a cropping system were studied in an outdoor pot experiment. The effect of crop residues on the N availability was evaluated using 15N-labelled residues. Field pea fixed 75% of its N requirement and the N2 fixation almost balanced the N removed with the seeds. The barley crop recovered 80% of the 15N-labelled fertilizer N supplied and the N in the barley grain corresponded to 80% of the fertilizer N taken up by the crop. The uptake of soil-derived N by a test crop (N catch crop) of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) grown in the autumn was higher after pea than after barley. The N uptake in the test crop was reduced by 27% and 34% after pea and barley residue incorporation, respectively, probably due to N immobilization. The dry matter production and total N uptake of a spring barley crop following pea or barley, with a period of unplanted soil in the autumn/winter, were significantly higher after pea than after barley. The barley crop following pea and barley recovered 11% of the pea and 8% of the barley residue N. The pea and barley residue N recovered constituted only 2.5% and 〈1%, respectively, of total N in the N-fertilized barley. The total N uptake in a test crop of mustard grown in the second autumn following pea and barley cultivation was not significantly influenced by pre-precrop and residue treatment. In the short term, the incorporation of crop residues was not important in terms of contributing N to the subsequent crop compared to soil and fertilizer N sources, but residues improved the conservation of soil N in the autumn. In the long-term, crop residues are an important factor in maintaining soil fertility and supplying plant-available N via mineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335923
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Labelling of animal manure nitrogen with15N (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: homogeneity of labelling ; mineralization ; mobile nylon bag ; ryegrass hay ; sheep manure ; water-soluble N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A sheep was fed on15N-labelled ryegrass hay during a period of 9 days in order to obtain15N-labelled manure. After 9 days of feeding, the total N in faeces contained 3.70 atom %15N excess, which was equivalent to 82% of the15N enrichment of the hay N. The easily-decomposable fraction of the faecal N was less labelled (2.89 atom %15N excess) than the slowly-decomposable fraction. The15N enrichment of mineralized faecal N did not change significantly during 32 weeks of incubation in sand. About 25% of the faecal N was water-soluble. This N had a higher15N enrichment than the total faecal N, indicating that a part of the water-soluble N was indigestible feed N. The faeces contained only small amounts of NH 4 + -N, which had a15N enrichment similar to the15N enrichment of N mineralized during incubation in sand. It is suggested that the labelled faecal N obtained after a few days of feeding on labelled feed could be divided in two N pools: A decomposable N fraction (about 60%) with a15N enrichment similar to the enrichment of N mineralized in sand (2.89 ± 0.09 atom %15N excess), and a very slowly-decomposable N fraction (about 40%) with a15N enrichment similar to that of the feed (4.52 atom %15N excess).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416087
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of15N-labelled organic nitrogen in sheep manure applied to soils of different texture under field conditions (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: animal manure ; immobilization ; leaching ; mineralization ; N-balance ; ryegrass ; spring barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The fate of nitrogen from15N-labelled sheep manure and ammonium sulfate in small lysimeters and plots in the field was studied during two growth seasons. In April 1991,15N-labelled sheep faeces (87 kg N ha−1) plus unlabelled (NH4)2SO4 (90 kg N ha−1), and (15NH4)2SO4 (90 kg N ha−1) were each applied to three soils; soil 1 (100% soil + 0% quartz sand), soil 2 (50% soil + 50% quartz sand) and soil 3 (25% soil + 75% quartz sand). The lysimeters were cropped with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and undersown ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The barley crop recovered 16–17% of the labelled manure N and 56% of the labelled (NH4)2SO4-N. After 18 months 30% of the labelled manure N and 65% of the labelled (NH4)2SO4-N were accumulated in barley, the succeeding ryegrass crop and in leachate collected below 45 cm of soil, irrespective of the soil-sand mixture. Calculating the barley uptake of manure N by difference of N uptake between manured and unmanured soils, indicated that 4%, 10% and 14% of the applied manure N was recovered in barley grown on soil-sand mixtures with 16%, 8% and 4% clay, respectively. The results indicated that the mineralization of labelled manure N was similar in the three soil-sand mixtures, but that the manure caused a higher immobilization of unlabelled ammonium-N in the soil with the highest clay content. Some of the immobilized N apparently was remineralized during the autumn and the subsequent growth season. After 18 months, 11–19% of the labelled manure N was found in the subsoil (10–45 cm) of the lysimeters, most of this labelled N probably transported to depth as organic forms by leaching or through the activities of soil fauna. In unplanted soils 67–74% of the labelled manure N was recovered in organic form in the 0–10 cm soil layer after 4 months, declining to 55–64% after 18 months. The lowest recovery of labelled N in top-soil was found in the soil-sand mixture with the lowest clay content. The mass balance of15N showed that the total recovery of labelled N was close to 100%. Thus, no significant gaseous losses of labelled N occurred during the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416088
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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