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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proximal glomerulo-tubular balance in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; glomeralo-tubular balance ; glomerular filtration rate ; lithium clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the glomerulo-tubular balance of sodium and water in the proximal tubules of diabetic patients with elevated glomerular filtration rate, the renal plasma clearance of lithium and the glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance) were determined simultaneously in 11 ambulatory Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (aged 25–35 years) with no evidence of diabetic nephropathy and in 10 age-matched healthy subjects. The renal plasma clearance of lithium, which is a measure of flow from the proximal tubule into the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle, did not differ between diabetic and control subjects (28.9±4.0 versus 28.3±5.1 ml/min per 1.73m2 surface area, mean±SD), whereas the glomerular filtration rate in the diabetic patients was significantly higher than in the control sub jects (136±10.2 versus 108±13.6 ml/min per 1.73m2, p〈 0.001). The same held true for the fractional reabsorption rate in the proximal tubules (78.7±3.2 versus 73.6±4.9%, p〈 0.02). The results indicate that the elevation of the glomerular filtration rate in diabetic patients is associated with a parallel increase in the proximal reabsorption rate. This type of glomeralo-tubular balance implies that the flow of water and flux of sodium to the segments distal to the proximal tubule are kept constant during variations in the glomerular filtration rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273804
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metastatic spinal cord compression (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 107 (1990), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cancer ; spinal cord compression ; occurrence ; symptoms ; diagnosis ; treatment and prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We reviewed all medical records concerning patients suffering from spinal cord or cauda equina compression (SCC) secondary to cancer, in the eastern part of Denmark, from 1979 through 1985. During the period the incidence of SCC in cancer patients went up from 4.4% to 6%. However, this increase was not significant. The series comprised 398 cases, with carcinoma of the prostate (19%), lung (18%), breast (14%) and kidney (10%) accounting for 61%. The symptoms were evaluated in accordance with the patients rating of pain, motor deficits, sphincter control and paraesthesia, whereas the clinical manifestations were classified on the basis of motor deficit and bladder dysfunction. During the period preceding the diagnosis of SCC, 83% of the patients suffered from back pain, 67% from deteriorating gait and 48% had retention of the urine. In 35% of the patients there was no sphincter disturbance and 10% had normal sensory function. The outcome of treatment was estimated by changes in motor deficits and sphincter function, and depended primarily on the patients condition at the time of the diagnosis. Of the patients who were able to walk before treatment, 79% remained ambulatory, wheras only 18% of the non-ambulatory patients regained walking ability. Patients treated by decompressive laminectomy followed by radiotherapy apparantly had a better response than patients treated with surgery or irradiation alone, but when the patients pre-treatment motor function was taken into account, no significant difference was observed. The study may call for a properly randomized trial with careful stratification of tumour biology, performance status and neurological deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402610
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of 15N labelling to study the turnover and utilization of ruminant manure N (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1998), S. 56-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Animal manure ; Immobilization ; Mineralization ; Nitrogen ; Slurry distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  An improved understanding of the cycling of animal manure N is a prerequisite for making better use of this N source. A sheep was fed 15N-labelled grass in order to study the fate of 15N-labelled ruminant manure N in the plant-soil system. The uniformity of labelling was found to be satisfactory when an appropriate feeding strategy was used. The mineralization of labelled faecal N was compared to the mineralization of labelled feed N and indigestible feed N by measuring residual labelled organic N in unplanted topsoil in the field. After 18 months, 61% of both faecal N and feed N was recovered in organic form in the topsoil, while 94% of the indigestible feed N was still present in the soil. The influence of slurry distribution in soil on the crop uptake of labelled faecal N in slurry was studied in a sandy and a sandy loam soil. The crop uptake of labelled faecal N was compared with the uptake of 15N-labelled mineral fertilizer in a reference treatment. The uptake was 28–32% of that of the reference treatment with simulated slurry injection, 13–25% with incorporated slurry and 18–19% with slurry on the soil surface. The mineralization of faecal N in the autumn after application in spring was low irrespective of the slurry distribution in soil. The results demonstrate that the contact between animal manure and the soil matrix significantly influences the short-term turnover and availability of faecal and ammonium N in slurry, especially in fine-textured soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050463
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of storage time and straw content of cattle slurry on the mineralization of nitrogen and carbon in soil (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Ammonium ; Animal manure ; Carbon balance ; Immobilization ; Volatile fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Animal slurries are stored for a variable period of time before application in the field. The effect of cattle slurry storage time and temperature on the subsequent mineralization of C and N in soil was studied under laboratory conditions. Urine and faeces from a dairy cow were sampled separately and mixed to a slurry. After 4 weeks of storage under anaerobic conditions at 15  °C, the NH4 + N content exceeded the original urinary N content of the slurry; the NH4 + content increased only slightly during the following 16 weeks of storage. After 4 weeks of storage, the proportion of slurry C in volatile fatty acids (VFA) amounted to 10% and increased to 15% after 20 weeks. Straw addition to the slurry caused an increase of VFA-C in stored slurry, but had a negligible influence on the proportion of slurry N in the form of NH4 +. Slurries subjected to different storage conditions were added to a sandy and a sandy loam soil. After 1 week, the preceding storage period (0–20 weeks) and temperature (5  °C or 15  °C) had no significant effect on the net release of inorganic N from the slurry in soil. Thus, the increased NH4 + content in the slurry after storage was followed by increased net N immobilization in soil. Additional straw in the slurry caused increased net N immobilization only in the sandy loam soil. Following anaerobic storage, 8–14% of slurry C was released in gaseous form, and the net mineralization of slurry C after 12 weeks in soil amounted to 54–63%. The extra net mineralization of C in soil due to straw in slurry was equivalent to 76% of straw C, suggesting that the straw accelerated the mineralization of C derived from faeces, urine and/or soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of long-term carbamazepine treatment on water metabolism and plasma vasopressin concentration (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 719-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; vasopressin ; plasma osmolality ; water metabolism ; water loading test ; neurohypophyseal dysfunction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma osmolality, sodium and vasopressin were measured in 7 patients before and during long-term treatment with carbamezepine, under resting conditions, and following an oral water load of 20 ml/kg body weight. During carbamazepine treatment, the ability to excrete the oral water load was decreased, the urine/plasma osmolality ratio was higher, and the free water clearance was lower. In two patients, the ability to excrete the oral water load was severely impaired, and the free water clearance remained negative following water loading. Plasma osmolality and sodium concentration were significantly lower during carbamazepine administration, but despite this the plasma vasopressin concentration remained unchanged or was even slightly increased. Four patients showed inappropriately high vasopressin concentrations in relation to the corresponding plasma osmolality when taking carbamazepine. The findings suggest a decrease in plasma osmolality during carbamazepine treatment, which might account for the inappropriate secretion of vasopressin. The latter might cause clinical symptoms of water intoxication, as has previously been reported in a few patients on carbamazepine therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541931
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of simultaneous treatment with low doses of perphenazine on plasma and urine concentrations of nortriptyline and 10-hydroxynortriptyline (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug hydroxylation ; drug interaction ; drug plasma levels ; nortriptyline ; 10-hydroxynor-triptyline ; perphenazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of nortriptyline and perphenazine were measured in six patients on continuous nortriptyline treatment before, during and after oral administration of perphenazine 4 mg t.i.d. In four patients the plasma levels of the conjugated and unconjugated principal metabolite 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline were also measured. Urinary excretion of conjugated and unconjugated 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline and plasma levels of perphenazine were determined in all six patients. During treatment with perphenazine two patients showed a slight increase in the plasma level of nortriptyline. The changes in metabolite excretion rate were inconclusive. Thus, there did not appear to be any important pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs at the doses used, which were normal therapeutic doses. The previously reported inhibitory effect of perphenazine on the metabolism of nortriptyline probably depended therefore, either on administration of a higher dose of perphenazine, or on treatment in the reverse sequence — a single dose of nortriptyline was given to patients already receiving perphenazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562943
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overdosage of antidepressants: Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: amitriptyline ; imipramine ; clomipramine ; antidepressant overdose ; clinical effects ; pharmacokinetics ; cardiotoxicity ; maprotiline ; doxepine ; nortriptyline ; opipramol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-nine cases of self-poisoning with antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, maprotiline, doxepine, nortriptyline, opipramol) were examined by frequent observation of CNS effects, heart rate, blood pressure and standard ECG, 24 h-ECG-monitoring, measurement of systolic time intervals, EEG recordings and frequent measurement of serum levels of antidepressants and primary metabolites. None of the patients died. Maximum total serum antidepressant level (parent compound + desmethyl metabolite) ranged from 20 to 2200 µg/l, with concentrations above 500 µg/l in 11 cases. The serum amitriptyline concentration remained high for 3–4 days in some of the severely intoxicated patients and the decay curves were compatible with partly saturated elimination. A degree of unconsciousness and the occurrence of excitation and hallucinations were generally seen in cases with total serum antidepressant levels above 500 µg/l. Grand mal seizures occurred more frequently at high antidepressant levels, but could not be predicted from the EEG recordings. Increased heart rate and prolonged QRS- and QTc-intervals were significantly correlated with the total serum antidpressant level. 24 h-ECG-monitoring revealed no serious arrhythmias or instances of heart block. Hypotension was only seen initially in few patients. Systolic time interval measurements showed changes suggesting impaired myocardial performance (elevated PEP/LVET ratio) at intermediate (60–500 µg/l) but not high (〉500 µg/l) total serum antidepressant levels. Measurement of serum concentration in antidepressant intoxication is important for identification of patients with high serum levels and the corresponding risk of developing toxic reactions, and to exclude patients with a low concentration who do not require intensive observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637499
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the relative safety of the beta-blockers ICI 141, 292 and atenolol in patients with bronchial asthma (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 744-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541311
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the relative safety of the beta-blockers ICI 141,292 and atenolol in patients with bronchial asthma (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 653-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-blockers ; bronchial asthma ; ICI 141,292 ; cardioselectivity ; atenolol ; safety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary ICI 141,292 is a β-blocker with β1-selective partial agonist activity. To study its cardioselectivity in humans, comparable β-blocking doses of 200 mg ICI 141,292 and 100 mg atenolol were given to 12 patients with stable bronchial asthma. Both drugs significantly reduced the midexpiratory flow rate at 50% of vital capacity, whereas no significant reduction in FEV1 or peak expiratory flow rate were observed. It is concluded that the cardioselectivity of ICI 141,292 did not differ significantly from that of atenolol. Since they both had a measurable effect on respiratory mechanics, they should probably not be prescribed in bronchial asthma, or only with the greatest possible caution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma vasopressin during short-time induced intracranial hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 77 (1985), S. 46-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial pressure ; cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin ; plasma vasopressin ; hydrocephalus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of plasma and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration to short-time induced intracranial hypertension was studied in 8 patients with hydrocephalus, defined as ventricular enlargement on computerized tomography. In connection with measurement of conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow, the concentration of vasopressin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid was measured during perfusion at a low (〈l0mmHg) and at a high (〉20 mmHg) intraventricular pressure level. Mean plasma vasopressin concentration was increased from 2.4±0.4pg/ml (SEM) during perfusion at the low pressure level to 4.2±0.8 pg/ml (p〈0.01) at the high pressure level. The cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of vasopressin at the low and high intraventricular pressure were 1.2 ±0.1pg/ml and 1.7±0.2 pg/ml (p〈0.05), respectively. However, only half of the patients responded to the increase in intraventricular pressure with an increase in cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration exceeding 50%. The results of the present study suggest that an increase in the intracranial pressure might be a stimulus for vasopressin release in both the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402305
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