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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The masseter inhibitory reflex is evoked by innocuous stimuli and mediated by A beta afferent fibres (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 447-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Human trigeminal system ; Masticatory muscle ; Electromyography ; Silent period ; Cutaneous afferents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mechanical or electrical stimulations in the area of the mouth evoke two phases of inhibition in the masseter muscle (early and late inhibitory reflex, also called masseter silent periods). The question whether the afferents of the human masseter inhibitory reflex are nociceptive or non-nociceptive has not yet been settled. We showed that an innocuous stimulus, such as a fine jet of saline directed to the lips of healthy humans, evokes an early and a late masseter inhibitory reflex, similar to those following electrical stimulation. We measured the efferent and afferent delay of the masseter early inhibitory reflex in patients submitted to intracranial stimulation of the motor and sensory trigeminal root, and found that the reflex afferents belong to the intermediately fast conducting fibre group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of repetitive cortical stimulation on the silent period evoked by magnetic stimulation (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 125 (1999), S. 82-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Cortical motor areas ; Magnetic stimulation ; Repetitive stimulation ; Silent period
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) on brain activity remain unknown. In healthy subjects, we studied the effects of rTMS on the duration of the cortical silent period (SP). Repetitive stimuli were delivered with a Cadwell High Speed Magnetic Stimulator and a figure-of-eight coil placed over the hand motor area. rTMS was delivered in trains of 11 or 20 stimuli at frequencies of 3 and 5 Hz and at stimulation intensities of 110 and 120% of motor threshold. The SP was recorded from the forearm muscles during a voluntary contraction (20% of maximum effort). rTMS delivered at a frequency of 3 and 5 Hz and intensities of 110 and 120% motor threshold prolonged the duration of the SP, without modifying either the size or the latency of the muscle-evoked potentials (MEP). A conditioning train of 11 stimuli at 3 Hz had no effect on the duration of the SP evoked by a single magnetic shock delivered 600 ms after the train. These findings show that rTMS increases the duration of the cortical SP, but does so only during the train of stimuli. rTMS probably changes the duration of the SP by facilitating cortical inhibitory interneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050661
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitation of muscle evoked responses after repetitive cortical stimulation in man (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 122 (1998), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Motor cortex ; Magnetic stimulation ; Repetitive stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The technique of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) allows cortical motor areas to be activated by trains of magnetic stimuli at different frequencies and intensities. In this paper, we studied long-term neurophysiological effects of rTMS delivered to the motor cortex at 5 Hz with an intensity of 120% of motor threshold. Each stimulus of the train produced muscle-evoked potentials (MEPs) in hand and forearm muscles, which gradually increased in size from the first to the last shock. After the end of the train, the response to a single-test stimulus remained enhanced for 600–900 ms. In contrast, the train had no effect on the size of the MEPs evoked by transcranial electrical stimulation, while it suppressed H-reflexes in forearm muscles for 900 ms. We conclude that rTMS of these parameters increases the excitability of the motor cortex and that this effect outlasts the train for almost 1 s. At the spinal level, rTMS may increase presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferent fibers responsible for the H-reflex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050493
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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