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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of 15N labelling to study the turnover and utilization of ruminant manure N (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1998), S. 56-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Animal manure ; Immobilization ; Mineralization ; Nitrogen ; Slurry distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  An improved understanding of the cycling of animal manure N is a prerequisite for making better use of this N source. A sheep was fed 15N-labelled grass in order to study the fate of 15N-labelled ruminant manure N in the plant-soil system. The uniformity of labelling was found to be satisfactory when an appropriate feeding strategy was used. The mineralization of labelled faecal N was compared to the mineralization of labelled feed N and indigestible feed N by measuring residual labelled organic N in unplanted topsoil in the field. After 18 months, 61% of both faecal N and feed N was recovered in organic form in the topsoil, while 94% of the indigestible feed N was still present in the soil. The influence of slurry distribution in soil on the crop uptake of labelled faecal N in slurry was studied in a sandy and a sandy loam soil. The crop uptake of labelled faecal N was compared with the uptake of 15N-labelled mineral fertilizer in a reference treatment. The uptake was 28–32% of that of the reference treatment with simulated slurry injection, 13–25% with incorporated slurry and 18–19% with slurry on the soil surface. The mineralization of faecal N in the autumn after application in spring was low irrespective of the slurry distribution in soil. The results demonstrate that the contact between animal manure and the soil matrix significantly influences the short-term turnover and availability of faecal and ammonium N in slurry, especially in fine-textured soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050463
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen immobilization and mineralization during initial decomposition of15N-labelled pea and barley residues (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Immobilization ; Mineralization ; 15N-labelled crop residues ; Residue quality ; Soil microbial biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The immobilization and mineralization of N following plant residue incorporation were studied in a sandy loam soil using15N-labelled field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw. Both crop residues caused a net immobilization of soil-derived inorganic N during the complete incubation period of 84 days. The maximum rate of N immobilization was found to 12 and 18 mg soil-derived N g−1 added C after incorporation of pea and barley residues, respectively. After 7 days of incubation, 21% of the pea and 17% of the barley residue N were assimilated by the soil microbial biomass. A comparison of the15N enrichments of the soil organic N and the newly formed biomass N pools indicated that either residue N may have been assimilated directly by the microbial biomass without entering the soil inorganic N pool or the biomass had a higher preference for mineralized ammonium than for soil-derived nitrate already present in the soil. In the barley residue treatment, the microbial biomass N was apparently stabilized to a higher degree than the biomass N in the pea residue treatment, which declined during the incubation period. This was probably due to N-deficiency delaying the decomposition of the barley residue. The net mineralization of residue-derived N was 2% in the barley and 22% in the pea residue treatment after 84 days of incubation. The results demonstrated that even if crop residues have a relative low C/N ratio (15), transient immobilization of soil N in the microbial biomass may contribute to improved conservation of soil N sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Labelling of animal manure nitrogen with15N (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: homogeneity of labelling ; mineralization ; mobile nylon bag ; ryegrass hay ; sheep manure ; water-soluble N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A sheep was fed on15N-labelled ryegrass hay during a period of 9 days in order to obtain15N-labelled manure. After 9 days of feeding, the total N in faeces contained 3.70 atom %15N excess, which was equivalent to 82% of the15N enrichment of the hay N. The easily-decomposable fraction of the faecal N was less labelled (2.89 atom %15N excess) than the slowly-decomposable fraction. The15N enrichment of mineralized faecal N did not change significantly during 32 weeks of incubation in sand. About 25% of the faecal N was water-soluble. This N had a higher15N enrichment than the total faecal N, indicating that a part of the water-soluble N was indigestible feed N. The faeces contained only small amounts of NH 4 + -N, which had a15N enrichment similar to the15N enrichment of N mineralized during incubation in sand. It is suggested that the labelled faecal N obtained after a few days of feeding on labelled feed could be divided in two N pools: A decomposable N fraction (about 60%) with a15N enrichment similar to the enrichment of N mineralized in sand (2.89 ± 0.09 atom %15N excess), and a very slowly-decomposable N fraction (about 40%) with a15N enrichment similar to that of the feed (4.52 atom %15N excess).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416087
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of15N-labelled organic nitrogen in sheep manure applied to soils of different texture under field conditions (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: animal manure ; immobilization ; leaching ; mineralization ; N-balance ; ryegrass ; spring barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The fate of nitrogen from15N-labelled sheep manure and ammonium sulfate in small lysimeters and plots in the field was studied during two growth seasons. In April 1991,15N-labelled sheep faeces (87 kg N ha−1) plus unlabelled (NH4)2SO4 (90 kg N ha−1), and (15NH4)2SO4 (90 kg N ha−1) were each applied to three soils; soil 1 (100% soil + 0% quartz sand), soil 2 (50% soil + 50% quartz sand) and soil 3 (25% soil + 75% quartz sand). The lysimeters were cropped with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and undersown ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The barley crop recovered 16–17% of the labelled manure N and 56% of the labelled (NH4)2SO4-N. After 18 months 30% of the labelled manure N and 65% of the labelled (NH4)2SO4-N were accumulated in barley, the succeeding ryegrass crop and in leachate collected below 45 cm of soil, irrespective of the soil-sand mixture. Calculating the barley uptake of manure N by difference of N uptake between manured and unmanured soils, indicated that 4%, 10% and 14% of the applied manure N was recovered in barley grown on soil-sand mixtures with 16%, 8% and 4% clay, respectively. The results indicated that the mineralization of labelled manure N was similar in the three soil-sand mixtures, but that the manure caused a higher immobilization of unlabelled ammonium-N in the soil with the highest clay content. Some of the immobilized N apparently was remineralized during the autumn and the subsequent growth season. After 18 months, 11–19% of the labelled manure N was found in the subsoil (10–45 cm) of the lysimeters, most of this labelled N probably transported to depth as organic forms by leaching or through the activities of soil fauna. In unplanted soils 67–74% of the labelled manure N was recovered in organic form in the 0–10 cm soil layer after 4 months, declining to 55–64% after 18 months. The lowest recovery of labelled N in top-soil was found in the soil-sand mixture with the lowest clay content. The mass balance of15N showed that the total recovery of labelled N was close to 100%. Thus, no significant gaseous losses of labelled N occurred during the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416088
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