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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 323 (1983), S. 128-140 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: 3H-Noradrenaline ; Isotope effect ; Neuronal and extraneuronal uptake ; Monoamine oxidase ; Catechol-O-methyl transferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a variety of tissues of organs3H-(−)-7-,3H-(−)-7,8 and3H-(−)-2,5,6-noradrenaline were compared, partly also with unlabelled (−)-noradrenaline. The following isotope effects were found: 1. Neuronal uptake (vas deferens, rabbit heart): tritium reduced the neuronal uptake by a factor of 1.3 to 2.0 (reduction:3H-7-〈3H-7,8-〈3H-2,5,6-noradrenaline). 2. Extraneuronal uptake (rat heart): tritium reduced the extraneuronal uptake of noradrenaline by a factor of 1.3 to 1.8 (reduction:3H-7-〈3H-7,8-〈3H-2,5,6-noradrenaline). 3. Monoamine oxidase (MAO; homogenates of rat heart):3H-7-noradrenaline was a better substrate than was unlabelled noradrenaline, but3H-7,8- and3H-2,5,6-noradrenaline were inferior substrates. 4. Neuronal and extraneuronal deaminating systems: in the intact cells of the rat vas deferens (neuronal deaminating system) or of the rat heart exposed to cocaine (extraneuronal deaminating system) the low rate constant characterizing the deamination of3H-7,8- and3H-2,5,6-noradrenaline resulted in high intracellular concentrations of3H-noradrenaline; consequently, the low rate constant failed to greatly affect steady-state rates of deamination. 5. Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT): in rat heart homogenates the rate constant for the O-methylation of3H-noradrenaline was: unlabelled (−)-noradrenaline=3H-(−)-7-noradrenaline〉3H-(−)-2,5,6-noradrenaline. 6. Extraneuronal O-methylating system (rat heart exposed to cocaine): steady-state rates of formation of3H-NMN were higher for3H-7- than for3H-7,8-noradrenaline, but an inverse relationship was found for the intracellular accumulation of labelled amine. It is concluded that tritium has an isotope effect, the magnitude of which depends on its position in the noradrenaline molecule. However, except for the hindrance of dedamination by tritium in position 8, all isotope effects reported here were rather small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 324 (1983), S. 233-234 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Extraneuronal uptake ; Rat perfused heart ; Isotope effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Initial rates of the extraneuronal uptake of 3H-(−)-adrenaline of very high specific activity were determined in the perfused rat heart, fluorimetrically for unlabelled and by scintillation counting for labelled amine. The presence of nearly four tritium substituents in the adrenaline molecule slowed uptake by a factor of 5.56. The isotope effect of tritium apears to increase in direct proportion to the number of tritium substituents per molecule. It is concluded that 3H-catecholamines of very high specific activity are unsuitable for studies of the uptake and metabolism of 3H-catecholamines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 338 (1988), S. 180-184 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: 3H-7-(−)Noradrenaline ; 3H-7,8-(−)Noradrenaline ; 3H-2,5,6-(−)Noradrenaline ; Isotope effect ; Neuronal and extraneuronal deamination and O-methylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuronal disposition of the side chain-labelled 3H-7-(−)noradrenaline and the ring-labelled 3H-2,5,6-(−)noradrenaline of relatively high specific activity was compared in the (incubated) rabbit aorta, the extraneuronal one in the (perfused) rat heart. Furthermore, the metabolism by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) of the labelled amines was studied in rat heart homogenates. In addition, some of the experiments were also carried out with the side chain-labelled 3H-7,8-(−)noradrenaline that is an inferior substrate of MAO. 1. In agreement with several other studies, the present results revealed the known differences between the two side chain-labelled amines brought about by the poorer deamination of 3H-7,8-(−)noradrenaline. This fording also indicated that the 3H-7-(−)noradrenaline used in this study was of the desired quality, i. e. was labelled exclusively in position 7. 2. In contrast to earlier findings, no differences between the side chain-labelled 3H-7-(−)noradrenaline and the ring-labelled 3H-2,5,6-(−)noradrenaline were observed with regard to neuronal and extraneuronal amine handling (intact tissues) and metabolism by MAO and COMT in rat heart homogenates. Hence, there is no reason to avoid the ring-labelled amine with high specific activity and, consequently, with slightly more than one tritium substituent per catecholamine molecule in experiments designed to analyse the neuronal and extraneuronal fate of (−)noradrenaline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 893-895 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Attractive interactions ; Gold complexes ; Phosphane derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Another example of the conformation-determining attractive interaction between gold(I) centers is presented, based on changes in the conformation of the butadiene skelton. The s-trans ground state geometry of 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,3-butadiene (2) is abandoned in the gold complex 3, and the two gold atoms are brought into contact at a distance of 3.023(1) Å. The conformational change of the Ligand also occurrs at a single metal atom, where the bisphosphine acts as a difunctional chelating ligand, as demonstrated in the rhodium complex 4.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 897-899 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dialkylchromium(III) half-sandwich molecules ; Paramagnetic 1(2H- and 13C-NMR data ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compounds CpCrR2(PR3′) (R = CH3, CH2C6H5, CH2SiMe3) and Cp★Cr(CH3)2(PMe3) (3b) have been prepared, and a piano-stool geometry has been established for 3b by X-ray structure analysis. Convenient observation of the hydrogen atoms 1′-H of R is only possible by 2H NMR giving signals which are up to 6200 Hz broad and shifted up to -1373 ppm.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Semibullvalene ; Cope rearrangement ; Dynamic NMR, 13C NMR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Applications of 13C-NMR Spectroscopy, XXVII. - Activation Parameters off the Cope Rearrangements of semibullvalene, 1,5-Dimethylsemibullvalene, and 2,6-Dibromo-1,5dimethylsemibullvaleneThe kinetics of the degenerate Cope rearrangements of the title compounds were measured by dynamic 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The rate constants derived from the changes in NMR lineshape yielded, on the basis of the Eyring equation, the following activation parameters: semibullvalene (1) ΔH≠ = 5.2 kcal mol-1, ΔS≠ = -3.2 cal K-1 mol-1, ΔG≠298 = 6.2 kcal mol-1; 1,5-dimethylsemibullvalene (2) ΔH≠ = 4.5 kcal mol-1, ΔS≠ = -1.6 cal K-1 mol-1, ΔG≠298 = 5.0 kcal mol-1; 2,6-dibromo-1,5-dimethylsemibullvalene (3) ΔH≠ = 7.5 kcal mol-1, ΔS≠ ≈ 0 cal K-1 mol-1, ΔG≠298 = 7.4 kcal mol-1. The substituent effects are compared with those of other substituted semibullvalenes and are discussed with respect to the nature of the transition state for the Cope rearrangement of bridged homotropilidenes. The barrier for 2 is the lowest measured so far by dynamic NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Die Kinetik der entarteten Cope-Umlagerungen der Titelverbindungen wurden mittels dynamischer 13C-NMR-Spectroskopie gemessen. Die aus den NMR-Linienformänderungen abgeleiteten Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten k lieferten auf der Basis der Eyring-Gleichung folgende Aktivierungsparameter: Semibullvalen (1) ΔH≠ = 5.2 kcal mol-1, ΔS≠ = -3.2 cal K-1 mol-1, ΔG≠298 = 6.2 kcal mol-1; 1,5-Dimethylsemibullvalen (2) ΔH≠ = 4.5 kcal mol-1, ΔS≠ = -1.6 cal K-1 mol-1, ΔG≠298 = 5.0 kcal mol-1; 2,6-Dibrom-1,5-dimethylsemibullvalen (3) ΔH≠ = 7.5 kcal mol-1, ΔS≠ ≈ 0 cal K-1 mol-1, ΔG≠298 = 7.4 kcal mol-1. Die Substituenteneffekte werden mit denen anderer substituierter Semibullvalene verglichen und im Hinblick auf die Natur des Übergangszustandes der Cope-Umlagerung in überbrückten Homotropilidenen diskutiert. Die für 2 bestimmte Barriere ist die niedrigste, die bisher mit der dynamischen NMR-Spektroskopie gemessen wurden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1607-1612 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphane-boranes ; Diphosphanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zur Chemie der Phosphan-Borane: Offenkettige und cyclische Phosphan-Borane aus TetramethyldiphosphanDurch Umsetzung von Tetramethyldiphosphan mit zwei Äquivalenten der Dimethylsulfid-Komplexe von BH3, BH2Br, BHBr2 und BBr3 werden die neutralen 1:2-Addukte 1a-d mit dem Grundgerüst BPPB erhalten. Offenkettige und cyclische Phosphan-Boran-Kationen entstehen bei den entsprechenden Reaktionen von Me4P2 mit H2BrB · SMe2 in den Molverhältnissen 2:1 bzw. 1:1:[Me2P—PMe2 · BH2 · Me2P—PMe2 ]+ Br- (2) bzw. [H2B-(Me2P—PMe2)2BH2]2+ 2 Br- (3). Aus 1b und Trimethylphosphan wird das Salz [H2BrB · Me2P—PMe2 · BH2 · PMe3] + Br- (4) gebildet. - Durch Einkristall-Röntgenbeugungsmethoden wurden die Kristallstrukturen von 1b und 3 bestimmt. Die Moleküle 1b besitzen kristallographische C2h-Symmetrie, was einer anti-Konfiguration mit den BH2Br-Gruppen in der gestaffelten Konformation entspricht. Die Monomeren sind in Schichten mit Br…Br-Kontakten von 3.66 Å angeordnet. - Die Kristalle von 3 · 2 MeOH haben eine ionische Struktur bestehend aus Br--Ionen, zwei Mol interstitiellem Methanol und cyclischen Dikationen mit kristallographischer Zentrosymmetrie. Die Ringatome bilden eine Sesselkonfiguration aus und entsprechen einschließlich der Substituenten annähernd einer nicht-kristallographischen Spiegelsymmetrie. Die Ringwinkel an den Boratomen [116.2(2)°] sind größer als jene an den Phosphoratomen (im Mittel 108.4°). Die B—P-Abstände sind deutlich kürzer als in Standardverbindungen (wie etwa 1b), was eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung des Phosphan-Boran-Gerüsts andeutet. In der Zelle werden keine ungewöhnlichen Kontakte zwischen den Baueinheiten beobachtet.
    Notes: 1:2 addition compounds of tetramethyldiphosphane with BH3, BH2Br, BHBr2, and BBr3 (1a-d) have been prepared from the parent diphosphane and the dimethyl sulfide complexes of the boranes in the appropriate stoichiometric ratio. Open-chain and cyclic phosphane-borane cations were obtained from Me4P2 and H2BrB · SMe2 in the molar ratio 2:1 or 1:1, respectively: [Me2P—PMe2 · BH2 · PMe2 — PMe2]+Br- (2) or [H2B(Me2P—PMe2)2- BH2]2+2Br- (3). Treatment of 1b with trimethylphosphane yields the salt [H2BrB·Me2P—PMe2 · BH2 · PMe3]+Br- (4). - The crystal structures of 1b and 3 · 2MeOH have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Molecules 1b have crystalographic C2h symmetry corresponding to the anti-configuration of the diphosphane and staggered conformation of the BH2Br moieties. The monomers are arranged in layers with Br … Br contacts of 3.66 Å. - Crystals of 3 · 2 MeOH have an ionic structure built from bromide ions, interstitial methanol molecules, and crystallographically centrosymmetric dications [H2B(Me2PPMe2)2-BH2]2+. These dications are in a chair configuration approaching (non-crystallographical) mirror symmetry. The intra-ring valence angles at boron [116.2(2)°] are significantly larger than those at phosphorus (108.4°, average). The B—P distances are shorter than in standard reference compounds (e.g. 1b), indicating extra stabilisation in the dicationic phosphane-borane ring system. In the unit cell there are no sub-van der Waals contacts between the individual components.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 34 (1901), S. 2320-2331 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (1890), S. 3445-3450 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 24 (1891), S. 3808-3815 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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