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  • Key words: Peroxisome proliferators – Rat and monkey hepatocyte cultures – Antioxidant enzyme activities  (1)
  • Transpulmonary passage  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die venöse paradoxe Luftembolie (1999)
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 236-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Paradoxe Luftembolie ; Venöse Luftembolie ; Offenes Foramen ovale ; Systemische Zirkulation ; Hyperbare Oxygenierung ; Key words Venous air embolism ; Paradoxical air embolism ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Patent foramen ovale ; Transpulmonary passage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Paradoxical air embolism may occur with any venous air embolism. Air may either enter the systemic circulation through a patent foramen ovale or through transpulmonary passage of air. While small venous air emboli are mostly well tolerated, even the smallest paradoxical air emboli can have fatal consequences in the systemic circulation. Therapy and prophylaxis of paradoxical air embolism equal those of venous air embolism. This is especially true, since paradoxical air embolism may not become obvious under general anesthesia. More specific therapeutic regiments, such as hyperbaric oxygenation and the infusion of perfluorocarbons, are still in an experimental stage.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Paradoxe Luftembolien können im Rahmen einer jeden venösen Luftembolie auftreten. Dabei gelangt die Luft entweder über ein offenes Foramen ovale in die systemische Zirkulation, oder aber transpulmonal. Während kleine venöse Luftembolien oftmals gut toleriert werden, können schon kleinste paradoxe Embolien fatale Folgen haben. Die Prophylaxe und Therapie der paradoxen Embolie entspricht weitgehend der der venösen Embolie. Dies gilt insbesondere deswegen, weil der paradoxe Anteil einer Luftembolie unter Allgemeinanästhesie nicht sofort erkennbar wird. Spezifischere Therapieansätze stellen die hyperbare Oxygenierung sowie die Infusion von Perfluorokarbonen dar, allerdings befinden sie sich noch im tierexperimentellen Stadium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001010050696
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of clofibric and beclobric acid in rat and monkey hepatocyte primary culture: influence on peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation and the activity of catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 68 (1994), S. 506-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words: Peroxisome proliferators – Rat and monkey hepatocyte cultures – Antioxidant enzyme activities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of hypolipidaemic compounds on peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation and on peroxisome morphology in the liver differs widely between rodent and primate species. We studied the relative importance of peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation of palmitate in primary cultures of hepatocytes isolated from rat and monkey liver in the absence or presence of clofibric acid or beclobric acid. It was demonstrated that it is possible to differentiate between peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation activities in intact cells. Overall β-oxidation of palmitate was ca. 30% higher in rat hepatocytes than in monkey liver cells. In both monkey and rat cell cultures the mitochondrial component was over 90% of the total palmitate β-oxidation. In rat hepatocyte culture clofibric acid and beclobric acid caused a 5- to 8-fold stimulation of peroxisomal β-oxidation, while in monkey cells this activity was not significantly increased. However, in cells derived from both species mitochondrial palmitate β-oxidation was increased (rat 2.5-fold; monkey 1.5-fold). These results indicate that the species differences in the increase in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation are not a result of an inability to metabolize fatty acids in rat liver cell mitochondria. A comparison of the activity of enzymes involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide showed that catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activity is 2.9-fold higher in monkey hepatocytes than in rat liver cells, while glutathione peroxidase activity was 1.6-fold higher in rat cells. When a comparison between both species is made for the ratio of hydrogen peroxide production over catalase activity, it can be concluded that this peroxide will have much smaller possibilities to escape from the peroxisomal compartment in monkey hepatocytes. These findings suggest that species differences in these enzyme activities can contribute to differences in susceptibility for peroxisome proliferator-induced carcinogenicity between rodents and primates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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