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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the topology of the renal type II NaPi-cotransporter (1999)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 437 (1999), S. 972-978 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words FLAG ; Phosphate ; Sodium phosphate cotransport ; Topology ; Transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The rat type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2) is a 85- to 90-kDa glycosylated protein located at the proximal tubular brush border membrane. Hydropathy predictions suggest eight transmembrane domains (sTM) with a large glycosylated loop between sTM 3 and sTM 4. We have studied the membrane topology of NaPi-2 expressed in oocytes. A 33-amino-acid fragment containing the FLAG epitope was inserted into seven loops connecting the sTMs and into the NH2- and COOH-ends of the protein. FLAG-antibody binding suggested that the loops connecting sTM 1 and sTM 2 as well as sTM 3 and sTM 4 are located extracellularly. Based on the lack of FLAG-antibody binding we suggest intracellular locations for the NH2- and COOH-termini and the region connecting sTM 4 and sTM 5. Immunoprecipitation studies of in vitro translated protein also suggest that the NH2-terminus is sited extracellularly. In immunohistochemical studies with NaPi-2-transfected MDCK cells, an interaction with NH2- and COOH- terminal antipeptide antibodies could only be obtained after membrane permeabilization. The presented data are an experimental documentation of the intracellular location of the NH2- and COOH-termini, and of the extracellular location of extracellular loops 1 and 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050869
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonmethane hydrocarbons in an oceanic atmosphere (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 2 (1985), S. 257-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Nonmethane hydrocarbons ; trace gases ; tropospheric chemistry ; radon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract C2−C6 Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and radioactive continental tracers were measured during two oceanographic cruises, in June 1982 in the Mediterranean and Red Sea, and in November 1982 across the North Atlantic and South Pacific oceans. Typical concentrations in marine atmosphere are between 0.05 and 0.2 ppbv. Owing to their similar lifetimes, propane and radon-222 are found to be well correlated. This relationship establishes that propane is mainly produced over lands and enables us to estimate its continental source strength at about 60×106 tons of carbon per year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051076
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The marine source of C2-C6 aliphatic hydrocarbons (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 6 (1988), S. 3-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Nonmethane hydrocarbons ; sea-air exchanges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract C2-C6 Nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) concentrations in the atmospheric boundary layer and in surface seawater were simultaneously measured during an oceanographic cruise in the intertropical Indian Ocean. NMHC were found to be mainly C2-C4 alkenes and C2-C3 alkanes. Their concentrations ranged from 1 to 30×10−9 l/l in the seawater and 0.1 to 15 ppbv in the atmosphere. Seawater appeared to be a source because the C2-C6 NMHC were supersaturated with respect to the atmosphere by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude. After a selection of the pure marine atmospheric samples, performed with the help of stable and radioactive continental tracers, we found an identical composition in NMHC of surface air and seawater. This observation enabled us to establish that the gas transfer between sea and air occurred according to nonsteady state processes, and that the fluxes cannot be deduced only from atmospheric measurements. An order of magnitude value of the oceanic source for the different NMHC is however derived from the comparison of their sea water concentrations to that of propane and an independent evluation of the marine source of this last compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048328
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMHC in the marine atmosphere: Preliminary results of monitoring at Amsterdam Island (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 11 (1990), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Nonmethane hydrocarbons ; tropospheric chemistry ; background pollution ; air-sea exchanges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Between January 1984 and May 1987, C2 to C5 NMHC concentrations, and Radon-222 activities were measured at Amsterdam Island in the Indian Ocean. A large variability of about one order of magnitude was observed in the NMHC concentrations. Most of the samples were collected under marine influence. Using ethene as a reference compound for marine emissions, it appears that the NMHC/ethene composition of the air and its variability directly reflect the composition of dissolved gases in surface seawater. Only the ethane/ethene ratio presents a significant deviation from this typical composition and this can be attributed to a continental component. At sea level, the reation frequency of OH radicals with the NMHC is similar to that of methane and carbon monoxide. Thus, the contribution of marine NMHC should be taken into account in the modelling of oxidants in remote atmospheres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053673
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