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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Isoniazid ; Rifampicin ; Antituberculous agents ; Toxic Hepatitis ; Acetylator Phenotype ; Isoniazid-Rifampicin ; Tuberkulostatische Kombinationstherapie ; Toxische Hepatitis ; Acetyliererphänotyp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 95 Patienten mit aktiver Tbc untersuchten wir prospektive den Einfluß des Acetyliererphänotyps auf die hepatotoxische Nebenwirkung der tuberkulostatischen Kombination Isoniazid (INH) 10 mg/kg, Rifampicin (RMP) 10 mg/kg, Myambutol (EMB) 25 mg/kg. Neben einer viel höheren Inzidenz der Isoniazidhepatitis (SGOT, SGPT 〉 200 U/l) von 12,6% der Behandelten — verglichen zur Häufigkeit der Isoniazidhepatitis während Chemoprophylaxe mit Isoniazid als Monotherapie von 0,5–1% (IUAT 1969, U.S.P.H.S. 1971) — stellten wir bei der Kombinationstherapie ein signifikant höheres Risiko schwerer INH-induzierter Leberschädigungen bei Langsamacetylierern fest (p 〈 0,01): von 56 Langsamacetylierern entwickelten 26 (=46,4%) Transaminasenerhöhungen 〉 50 U/l, von 30 Schnellacetylierern dagegen nur 4 (=13,3%). Unter den 12 Patienten mit Isoniazidhepatitis befanden sichnur Langsamacetylierer. Frauen waren von der Isoniazidhepatitis häufiger betroffen als Männer (p 〈 0,05). Bei der Isoniazidhepatitis wurde entweder die Therapie vorübergehend abgesetzt oder als Zweierkombination RMP, EMB fortgesetzt. Bei leichterem Verlauf der Leberschädigung wurde die Therapie unverändert fortgesetzt. In allen Fällen normalisierten sich die Transaminasen innerhalb 2–4 Wochen. Die anschließende Wiederaufnahme der Dreifachtherapie ohne Dosisreduktion führte zu keinem erneuten Transaminasenanstieg. Das konstante Auftreten der INH-Hepatitis in der 2.–4. Woche (19±7 Tage) sowie die ohne Reaktion vertragene spätere Reexposition der vollen Dreifachtherapie sprechen für eine zeitlich begrenzte Interaktion des Rifampicin mit dem Isoniazid-Metabolismus in der Anfangsphase der tuberkulostatischen Therapie.
    Notes: Summary In 95 patients with active tuberculosis, we investigated in a prospective study the influence of the acetylator phenotype on the hepatotoxic side effects of the antituberculous regimen isoniazid (INH) 10 mg/kg, rifampicin (RMP) 10 mg/kg, and ethambutol (EMB) 25 mg/kg. Besides a much higher incidence of isoniazid hepatitis (SGOT, SGPT 〉 200 U/l) in 12.6% of patients treated — as compared to the incidence reported in large chemoprophylaxis trials with isoniazid monotherapy in the range of 0.5%–1% (IUAT 1969, U.S.P.H.S. 1971) — we observed a significant, higher risk of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in slow acetylators (p 〈 0.01): in 26 of 56 slow acetylators (=46.4%), but only in 4 of 30 rapid acetylators (=13.3%) were transaminases in the serum elevated 〉 50 U/l. The 12 patients with the most severe hepatotoxic side effects (SGOT, SGPT 〉 200 U/l) were all slow acetylators. Women developed severe hepatic injury more often than men (p 〈 0.05). In cases with isoniazid hepatitis, triple therapy was either stopped or reduced to a combination RMP, EMB. In cases with less severe liver injury, triple therapy was continued. In all patients transaminases normalized within 2–4 weeks. On return to full triple therapy, none of the patients developed new elevation of transaminases. The constant occurrence of isoniazid hepatitis during the 2nd–4th week (19±7 days) as well as the normalization without any new hepatotoxic reaction suggest that there may be an interaction between RMP and isoniazid metabolism limited to the early phase of chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 1162-1168 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) ; Mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model ; Maximum-likelihood estimate ; EM algorithm ; Joint segregation analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A joint segregation analysis of a genetic system and the effects of QTLs based on the six populations P1, F1, P2, B1, B2 and F2 is proposed in this paper. The major steps were as follows. Firstly, under the supposition that the segregating population was composed of component distributions controlled by a major gene(s) and modified by both polygenes and environments, four groups and 17 types of genetic models, including a one major-gene model, a two major-gene model, a polygene model, and a mixed one-major gene and polygene model, were set up. Secondly, the joint maximum-likelihood function was constructed from the six generations so as to estimate the parameters of component distributions through an EM algorithm. Thirdly, the best-fitting genetic model was chosen according to Akaike’s information criterion, a likelihood-ratio test, and tests for goodness of fit. Fourthly, the related genetic parameters, including gene effects, as well as the genetic variances of major genes and polygenes, were obtained from the estimates of component distributions. Finally, the individuals in segregating populations were classified into their major-gene genotypes according to their posterior probabilities. An example of the genetic analysis of plant height of a rice cross between Nanjing No. 6 and Guangcong was used to illustrate the above procedure. The method was especially appropriate to those crops with easy to obtain hybrid seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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