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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Key words Vibratory sensation  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 255-261 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Vibratory sensation ; Local vibration exposure ; Temporary threshold shift ; Broad-band vibration ; Vibration syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight healthy subjects were exposed to three 1/3 octave-band vibrations (63, 200, and 500 Hz) by hand clasping a vibrated handle in a soundproof and thermoregulated room. The vibratory sensation threshold at 125 Hz was measured before and after the vibration exposure at an exposed fingertip. According to a preceding study, we first determined the relationship between the acceleration of the vibration and the temporary threshold shift of vibratory sensation immediately after the vibratory exposure (TTSv,0) induced by 1/3 octave-band vibration. We then measured TTSv after the exposure to a composite vibration composed of two 1/3 octave-band vibrations that might induce an equal magnitude of TTSv,0 on the basis of the above relationship. The TTSv,0 induced by the composite vibration was not larger than the TTSv,0 induced by the component vibrations. This result suggests that the component of the vibration inducing the largest TTSv,0 determines the TTSv,0 by broad-band random vibration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 69 (1996), S. 45-52 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Vibratory sensation ; Vibration exposure ; Threshold shift ; Temporary threshold shift ; Gripping force
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract ⋅Objective This study examines the effect of the force with which a vibrating handle is gripped on the temporary threshold shift of vibratory sensation (TTSv) induced by hand-arm vibration. ⋅  Methods Six healthy subjects gripped a handle vibrating with a 1/3 octave-band vibration, with a central frequency of 200 Hz and an intensity of 39.2 m/s2. Exposure was for 1 min and 10 min, respectively. Gripping forces for the 1-min exposure were 5 N, 10 N, 40 N and 80 N, respectively, with 0 N push-pull force. Gripping forces for the 10-min exposure were the same as for the 1-min exposure, but omitting 80 N. The vibratory sensation threshold at 125 Hz was measured before and after exposure of an exposed fingertip to vibration. The differences measured determine TTS v,t at time t. TTS v,t determines TTSv,0, that is, the temporary threshold shift of vibratory sensation immediately after exposure to vibration according to the estimate made on the basis of the preceding study. The same experimental conditions were repeated 3 times on different days in a soundproof and thermoregulated room. ⋅  Results Our findings show that TTSv increases significantly with increasing gripping force. We also determined the quantitative relationships between TTSv,0 and gripping force as described by the equation where k f and c f are constants and F is gripping force. ⋅  Conclusion This study revealed the importance of ergonomic design in reducing the force with which a vibrating handle is gripped to prevent an adverse effect of local vibration. The equation devised may help in the quantitative assessment of the effect of reduced gripping force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 23 (1989), S. 1115-1130 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In order to study the effects of factors governing the bioabsorption rate of polylactides, implantation tests were carried out in rabbits using various samples (20 × 10 × 2 mm3) differing in their chemical composition, residual monomer content, and molecular orientation. Copolymer samples with a higher lactic acid content showed a lower rate of absorption, whereas those with a higher unreacted monomer content were absorbed faster and showed a more drastic decrease in molecular weight. In contrast, degradation of the purified polymers was slow; the purified poly-L-lactide showed no weight change and a 50% reduction in molecular weight after 6 months of implantation. Scanning electron microscopy of the samples containing monomers showed a microporous structure extending from the surface to the inner region a few days after implantation, whereas the purified poly-L-lactide did not exhibit a microporous structural change even after 10 months of implantation.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 553-563 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: With a view to developing biomaterials for semipermanent substitution, we have studied a composite material constituted with collagen and a synthetic polymer which possesses high tissue compatibility. This collagen - synthetic polymer composite was applied as a support for immobilization of enzymes for the purpose of providing a material surface with biological function. The enzymes, urokinase and trypsin, were successfully bound to the collagen membrane layer which had been activated by acyl azide formation of its carboxyl groups. The enzyme-bearing composite material showed excellent catalytic activity toward a protein substrate as well as a low-molecular-weight synthetic substrate. The immobilized urokinase was characterized enzymatically and compared with native urokinase. The apparent affinity of immobilized urokinase for the substrate was slightly decreased, but its intrinsic kinetic properties were not significantly affected. No decrease in its esterase activity was observed both on repeated use and on long-term storage, and its fibrinolytic activity was stable on heat or disinfection treatment. When this urokinase-bearing composite material was applied into rabbit blood vessels, its in vivo fibrinolytic activity was maintained. Thus, enzyme - collagen - synthetic polymer composites may find wide application for biomaterials and artificial organs as functional biomaterials.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 26 (1987), S. 625-632 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of LiCl, NaCl, and CsCl as univalent salts, and of CaCl2, ZnCl2, and MgCl2 as divalent salts, on the α and antiparallel β-sheet, and random conformations of poly(L-lysine) (PLL), in water at room temperature were examined by means of CD and compared quantitatively on the basis of elliptical strength at the maximal peak. Changes in the α-helical and antiparallel β-sheet helical conformations of PLL were markedly dependent on the salt concentrations of LiCl, NaCl, and CsCl, which induced decreases in negative intensity in that order. The CD spectrum of the random conformation, the most disordered form, displayed positive cotton effect in concentrations of these salts up to 3.0M and a negative peak in concentrations of 6.0M. The effect of these salts on the random conformation of PLL was stronger than that on the α- and β-conformations in higher concentrations. The CD spectrum of the random conformation in the presence of CaCl2, ZnCl2, and MgCl2, on the other hand, showed negative cotton effect in salt concentrations as low as 3.0M. It was impossible, however, to measure the effect on α- and β-conformations of ZnCl2 and MgCl2 above concentrations of 10 mM because of a solubility problem with salts in alkaline solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 12 (1974), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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