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  • Key words Brain tissue partial pressure – brain tissue oxygenation – neuromonitoring – head injury – subarachnoid hemorrhage  (1)
  • Multiple trauma  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 214-219 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Polytrauma ; Multiple trauma ; Head injury ; Secondary brain injury ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is present in up to two-thirds of multiply injured patients. The degree of TBI influenced the mortality and morbidity of multiple trauma significantly. Results: Important prognostic predictors are: injury severity score (ISS); Glasgow coma score [(GCS), motor score]; pupil size and reactivity; coma grade and duration; age; morphological primary brain lesion; and pathophysiological changes leading to secondary brain damage. The time course of brain edema, raised intracranial pressure and, especially, pathophysiology of disturbed cerebral blood flow and metabolism characterizes early and late periods of ischemic vulnerability. Conclusion: These should be taken into consideration when planning operative procedures in multiple-trauma patients. Avoidance of secondary ischemic brain damage by reducing the number of systemic insults (hypovolemia, hypotension, hypoxia) will improve prognosis of critically ill polytraumatized patients with head injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 35 (1998), S. s072 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hirngewebesauerstoffpartialdruck – Hirngewebeoxygenierung – Neuromonitoring – Schädel-Hirn-Trauma – Subarachnoidalblutung ; Key words Brain tissue partial pressure – brain tissue oxygenation – neuromonitoring – head injury – subarachnoid hemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Measurement of regional brain oxygen partial pressure (p(ti)O2) using flexible polarographic microcatheters is a safe, reliable, and practicable monitoring technology of cerebral oxygenation. The complication rate is low (n=165, rate of hemorrhages 1.7%, rate of infection 0%). The sensitivity – and zero – point drift during longterm monitoring is negligible. The critical hypoxic level of brain p(ti)O2 is below 10 mmHg. The normal range of brain p(ti)O2 is 20–30 mmHg under the condition of normoxia, normocapnia, and normotonia. Despite a close correlation between p(ti)O2 monitored bilaterally in patients with diffuse brain injury, two of a total group of eight patients revealed hypoxic p(ti)O2 on the additionally monitored contralateral side. There was a good correlation of regional p(ti)O2 to changes of global, systemic cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. In case of a focal lesion the predictive value of p(ti)O2 is influenced by the catheter position. On the other hand regional p(ti)O2 is more reliable and sensitive compared to a global monitoring technology (jugular bulb oximetry) in detecting hypoxic episodes during development of vasospasm if the sensor could be placed in the region of risk. Early detection of secondary hypoxic episodes enables a targeted intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure therapy. Monitoring of brain p(ti)O2 supplements multimodal neuromonitoring in a useful manner. Reduction of hypoxic/ischemic episodes will improve prognosis of critically ill patients after acute brain injury.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Messung des regionalen Gewebe-pO2 (p(ti)O2) im Gehirn mit flexiblen Mikrokathetern ist eine sichere, zuverlässige und einfach zu handhabende Überwachungstechnik der zerebralen Oxygenierung. Die Komplikationsrate ist niedrig (n=165, Stichkanalblutung 1,7%, Infektionsrate 0%). Die Sondendrift im Langzeitverlauf ist vernachlässigbar. Die kritische, hypoxische Grenze liegt bei 10 mm Hg. Als Normalwert wird ein p(ti)O2 von 20–30 mm Hg unter normoxischen und normotonen Bedingungen angesehen. Trotz einer guten Übereinstimmung bilateral erfaßter Daten, zeigen 2 von 8 Patienten in einer Pilotstudie hypoxische Werte auf der zusätzlichen Meßseite. Bei globalen, systemischen Veränderungen der Durchblutung und Oxygenierung besteht eine gute Korrelation zum regional erfaßten p(ti)O2. Bei fokaler Hirnschädigung wird die Aussagekraft wesentlich durch die Lage des Mikrokatheters bestimmt. Andererseits ist der regionale p(ti)O2 im Rahmen eines sich entwickelnden Vasospasmus sensitiver im Hinblick auf hypoxische Ereignisse als eine globale Überwachungstechnik (Bulbusoxymetrie). Durch eine frühzeitige Erkennung sekundär hypoxischer Ereignisse ist eine gezielte Therapie im Rahmen der Behandlung akut Hirnverletzter möglich. Die Messung des p(ti)O2 ergänzt das multimodale Neuromonitoring im Rahmen der Intensivtherapie sinnvoll und läßt durch eine Verminderung hypoxischer Episoden eine Prognoseverbesserung erwarten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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