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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7)
  • Key words Congenital diaphragmatic hernia   (1)
  • paddy field  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 14 (1998), S. 36-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Congenital diaphragmatic hernia  ; Clara cell  ;  Hypoplastic lung  ;  Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clara cell 10 kDa protein (CC10) has been thought to be fairly specific to Clara cells and a major secretory protein that is both synthesized and released from Clara cells. In the present study, morphometric analyses of the immunohistochemical expression of CC10 were carried out on the bronchioles of human neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and then compared with morphometric analyses from a gestationally and postnatally age-matched control group in order to clarify the immaturity of Clara cells in CDH lungs. No difference was found in CC10 expression between the affected side and the unaffected side of the lungs in the CDH group. However, compared with the lungs of the control group, the CDH group showed a significant decrease in CC10 expression, namely, the ratio of CC10-positive cells per bronchiole, per unit perimeter of bronchiole, and per unit bronchiolar surface area. These results suggest that in the lungs of CDH cases, a possible delay in either functional maturation or the development of CC10 synthesis by the bronchioles may exist, and this retardation of functional maturation of the airway is also considered to play a role in the postnatal respiratory insufficiency observed in CDH patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050430
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of rice cultivar on methane emission from paddy fields (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 176 (1995), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biomass ; irrigation ; methane emission ; paddy field ; rice cultivar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Influence of rice cultivars on CH4 emissions from a paddy field was studied using four Japonica types, two Indica types, and two Japonica/Indica F1 hybrids. In addition, the suppression of CH4 emission by interrupting irrigation at the flowering stage was investigated. Patterns of seasonal variation in CH4 emission rates were similar among the eight cultivars. Two of the Japonica types showed the maximum and minimum CH4 emissions among the cultivars investigated. Neither the number of tillers, shoot length, shoot weight, and root weight correlated with the CH4 emission rates at the tillering and reproductive growth stages. Following temporary interruption of irrigation at the flowering stage, CH4 emission rates decreased drastically and remained at very low levels until the harvesting stage, indicating its great effectiveness for the suppression of CH4 emission from rice paddies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017674
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphonitrilic chloride XXVIII. Synthesis of cyclophosphazene polymers by polycondensation between tetrabutoxydianilinocyclotriphosphazene and dichlorodiphenylsilane (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 46 (1975), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclophosphazenoligomere (I) wurden durch Erhitzen von Tetrabutyloxydianilinocyclophosphazen und Dichlordiphenylsilan auf 100°C bis 160°C dargestellt. Diese Oligomeren sind in den meisten organischen Lösungsmitteln löslich. Molekulargewicht und Erweichungsbereich von (I) liegen bei 1 700 bis 37000 bzw. bei 95°C bis 180°C. Molekulargewicht und Erweichungsbereich der Cyclophosphazenpolymeren (II), die durch Erhitzen von (I) auf 190°C erhalten wurden, liegen bei 3 000 bis 180 000 bzw. bei 78°C bis über 300°C. Thermischer Abbau dieser Polymeren tritt im Bereich von 100°C bis 300°C ein. Durch thermogravimetrische Messungen wurde gefunden, daß das thermisch stabilste Polymere der Reihe (II) in Luft einen Gewichtsverlust von 15% bei 800°C aufweist.
    Notes: Cyclophosphazene oligomers (I) have been formed by heating tetrabutoxydianilinocyclophosphazene and dichlorodiphenylsilane at temperatures between 100°C to 160°C. These oligomers are soluble in most organic solvents. Molecular weights and softening points of (I) are in the range of 1700 to 37000 and 95°C to 180°C. Molecular weights and softening points of cyclophosphazene polymers (II) obtained by reheating of (I) at 190°C are about 3000 to 180000 and about 78°C to over 300°C. The thermal decomposition of the polymers (II) occurs in the range from 100°C to 300°C. It is shown by thermogravimetry that the weight loss of the thermally most stable polymer of (II) is about 15% in air at 800°C.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1975.050460106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphonitrilic chloride. XXV. Synthesis of cyclolinear phosphazene polymers by polycondensation reaction of tetrachlorodiphenylcyclophosphazene trimer and aromatic dihydroxy compounds (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 37 (1974), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das trimere Tetrachlordiphenylcyclophosphazen (TCP) wurde durch Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion hergestellt. Dann wurden Polykondensationen von TCP mit aromatischen Dihydroxyverbindungen in Pyridin durchgeführt. Die erhaltenen Produkte waren in stark polaren Lösungsmitteln löslich. Ihre Molekulargewichte lagen zwischen 1100 und 3400. Alle Produkte waren amorphe weiß oder gelb gefärbte Feststoffe. Das aus TCP und p,p'-Dihydroxydiphenyl erhaltene Produkt zeigte den höchsten Erweichungspunkt bei 260 bis 267°C, es war auch am hitzebeständigsten. Die Produkte aus TCP und Bisphenol-A oder p,p'-Dihydroxydiphenylsulfon waren vernetzt, denn sie hatten keinen Erweichungspunkt.
    Notes: Tetrachlorodiphenylcyclophosphazene trimer P3N3Cl4(C6H5)2 (TCP) was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction. Then, polycondensation reactions of TCP with aromatic dihydroxy compounds were carried out in pyridine as a solvent. The polycondensation products obtained from the reaction of TCP with aromatic dihydroxy compounds were soluble in the most polar solvents. The measured molecular weight was about 1,100 to 3,400. A difference in the molecular weights resulted from a different kind of used aromatic dihydroxy compounds. All polycondensation products were amorphous, white or yellow coloured solids. The polycondensation product obtained from TCP and p,p'-dihydroxydiphenyl showed the highest softening point at about 260 to 267°C. Consequently, this product seemed to be the most stable against flame. Also it was found that the polycondensation products obtained from TCP and bisphenol-A or p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone had a three dimensional network structure as they had no softening point.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1974.050370112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphonitrilic chloride. XXVI. Synthesis of cyclophosphazene polymer by polycondensation reaction of tetrachlorodiphenyl triphosphazene and aromatic diamine compounds (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 42 (1975), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetrachlordiphenylcyclotriphosphazen N3P3Cl4(C6H5)2 (TPC) wurde durch Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion hergestellt. Die Polykondensation von TPC mit aromatischen Diaminen wurde in Pyridin durchgeführt. Die erhaltenen Produkte waren wenig löslich in polaren Lösungsmitteln. Die durch Endgruppenanalyse ermittelten Molekulargewichte lagen zwischen 2800 und 10 800. Es handelte sich um amorphe, braune, gelbe oder farblose Feststoffe; ihre Erweichungspunkte lagen zwischen 100 und 120°C. Die elektrische Leitfahigkeit der aus TPC mit p-Phenylendiamin und p,p′-Diaminodiphenylsulfon erhaltenen Produkte wurde zu 5 × 1012 (Ωcm)-1 bzw. 1 × 1015 (Ω cm)-1 bestimmt.
    Notes: Tetrachlorodiphenyl cyclotriphosphazene N3P3Cl4(C6H5)2 (TPC) has been synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction. The polycondensation of TPC with aromatic diamine compounds has been carried out in pyridine. The products obtained from the reaction of TPC with aromatic diamine compounds were slightly soluble in polar organic solvents. The molecular weights measured by the method of end group analysis were about 2800 to 10800. The products were amorphous, brown, yellow or white coloured solids. The softening points of all polycondensation products were found to be in the region of 100°C to 120°C. The electrical conductivity of the products obtained from TPC with p-phenylenediamine and p,p′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone was determined to 5 × 1012 (Ωcm)-1 and 1 × 1015 (Ωcm)-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1975.050420104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polymerization of hexachloro cyclotriphosphazene by molybdenum phosphate and tungsten phosphate (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 132 (1985), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Polymere aus (NPCl2)3 wurde durch Substanzpolymerisation erhalten. Insbesondere wurde überwiegend lineares Polymeres gebildet, wenn Wolframphosphat als Katalysator verwendet wurde.
    Notes: The polymer of (NPCl2)3 was obtained by bulk polymerization. Especially, linear polymer was predominantly formed when tungsten phosphate as catalyst was used.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051320115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reaction of sodium silicate with dichlorotetrakis(dimethylamino cyclotriphosphazene) (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 140 (1986), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Reaktion von Natriumsilikat mit Dichlor-tetrakis(dimethylamino-cyclotriphosphazen) wurde unter verschiedenen experimentellen Bedingungen durchgeführt. Die Produkte waren weiße, klebrige Substanzen, die sich in stark polaren Lösungsmitteln lösten. Es wurde gefunden, daß das benutzte Dichlor-tetrakis(dimethyl-amino-cyclotriphosphazen) mit Silanol reagierte. Dabei wurde es in Form von Endgruppen eingebaut, denn das Molekulargewicht des Produkts war nicht höher als dasjenige eines Produktes, das aus Natriumsilikat allein hergestellt worden war.
    Notes: The reaction of sodium silicate with dichlorotetrakis(dimethylamino cyclotriphosphazene) was carried out under various experimental conditions. The products were white colored, adhesive materials and were soluble in high polar solvents. It was found that the dichlorotetrakis(dimethylamino cyclotriphosphazene) used reacted with silanol. It did not act as middle but as end group because the molecular weight of the product was not increased compared to that of the product derived from sodium silicate alone.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1986.051400102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polymerization of hexachloro cyclotriphosphazene by molybdenum silicate and tungsten silicate (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 129 (1985), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lösungs- und Substanzpolymerisationen von Hexachlorcyclotriphosphazen (NPCl2)3 wurden mit Molybdän- und Wolframsilikaten als Katalysatoren durchgeführt. Das Polymere bildete sich nicht bei der Lösungspolymerisation, sondern wurde bei der Substanzpolymerisation erhalten. Beim Einsatz von Wolframsilikat wurden hauptsächlich lineare Polymere gebildet.
    Notes: Solution and bulk polymerizations of hexachloro cyclotriphosphazene (NPCl2)3 were carried out using molybdenum silicate and tungsten silicate as catalysts. The polymer did not form by the solution polymerization, but was obtained by the bulk polymerization. When tungsten silicate was used, a linear polymer was predominantly formed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051290106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and thermal properties of poly(phenoxy trifluoroethoxy phosphazenes) (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 119 (1983), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers were prepared by the reaction of poly(dichloro phosphazene), phenoxide, and trifluoro ethoxide in THF. Elastic copolymers having lower Tg than that of poly(trifluoroethoxy phosphazene) were formed when the ratio of phenoxide: trifluoro ethoxide was between 0.5:1.5 and 1.5:0.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1983.051190117
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