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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words ESWL-therapy • Metabolic work-up • Metaphylaxis ; Schlüsselwörter ESWL-Therapie • Metabolische Harnsteinabklärung • Metaphylaxe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 150 ESWL-Standorte wurde anonymisiert ein Fragebogen mit 20 Fragen zum ESWL-Standort selbst, zur Kooperation von ESWL-Standort mit niedergelassenem Urologen und zu den Möglichkeiten und tatsächlich durchgeführten metabolischen Steinabklärungen verschickt; 114 (76 %) konnten ausgewertet werden. Die Kooperation der Zentren mit den niedergelassenen Urologen ist als gut zu bezeichnen. Die durchschnittliche ESWL-Behandlungszahl mit weniger als 2 ESWL-Behandlungen pro Arbeitstag an 58 % der ESWL-Standorte ist überraschend niedrig. Die obsolete chemische Steinanalyse wird an immer noch 30 % der Standorte angewandt. Unsere Auswertung ergibt desweiteren eindeutig, daß an den ESWL-Standorten in Deutschland die symptomatische Harnsteintherapie mittels ESWL oder auch mit anderen Techniken eine kausale metabolische Harnsteindiagnostik mit einer daraus folgenden Metaphylaxe verdrängt hat.
    Notes: Summary Questionnaires were mailed anonymously to 150 German shock wave centers. Twenty questions addressed the following areas of interest: – Facilities of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) center (technical, personnel, laboratory, etc.) – Cooperation at ESWL center with referring urologists – Laboratory facilities versus actual metabolic work-up. The return rate was 114 of 150 (76 %). Surprisingly, at 58 % of the centers the average number of treatments is less than two per day. In 30 % of the centers only chemical stone analysis is done! The final conclusion was that ESWL has largely replaced the causal metabolic work-up and subsequent metaphylaxis as a symptomatic measure against urolithiasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 19 (1991), S. 353-356 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Electron microscopy ; Photodynamic therapy ; Photosan ; Phototoxicity ; Tumor selectivity ; Video fluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake of photosan and the intracellular sites of photoradiation-induced damage were investigated in vitro in bladder carcinoma cells and in normal bladder cells. Cells were examined by phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy. The concentration of photosan, measured in μg/106 cells, showed a good correlation to the incubation time. At all incubation times, control cells showed a lower uptake when compared with tumor cells. Following photodynamic therapy (PDT), phase-contrast microscopy revealed marked changes in tumor cells, whereas only minor effects could be detected at the cell membrane of the control cells. Following PDT, most of the investigated cells showed onanges of the mitochondria and cytoplasma. These changes consisted of dissolution of the cristae, predominantly in the central part of the mitochondria. Twenty-four hours after PDT the shape of the mitochondria had changed markedly and the cristae were found to be completely destroyed. Moreover, the cystoplasma showed numerous vacuoles, and the number of mitochondria was decreased compared to non-treated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Porphycene ; pH-sensitive liposomes ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vitro experiments were performed on human bladder carcinoma cells to evaluate the efficiency of the recently synthesized photosensitizer 9-acetoxy-tetra-n-propylporphycene (ATPPn) for photodynamic therapy. To improve cytoplasmic delivery of this hydrophobic compound, we prepared pH-sensitive liposomes composed of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) in comparison with pH-insensitive liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and CHEMS. Dynamic light scattering measurements were used to monitor the acid-induced liposome destabilization. After incubation with liposome-bound ATPPn, bladder carcinoma cells were irradiated by a dye laser with increasing light fluence rates from 1 to 48 J/cm2. The photodynamic effects were then assessed from cell survival curves. No dark or phospholipid toxicity was measured for 2 μg ATPPn/1.5 ml medium. Qualitative cellular uptake of ATPPn was determined by fluorescence microscopy, while photodamage was elucidated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Absorption spectra performed up to 42 days revealed changes in shape for the pH-sensitive liposomes after storage at room temperature. ATPPn was proved to be an encouraging photosensitizer, capable of reducing cell survival to 0.1% after short-term incubation of 60 min with a drug dose of 2 μg ATPPn/1.5 ml medium. Although pH-sensitive PE/CHEMS liposomes showed significantly (P〈0.05) more photokilling effects at 24 J/cm2 and 48 J/cm2, no further advantages over non-pH-sensitive PC/CHEMS liposomes were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 24 (1996), S. 285-289 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Photodynamic therapy ; Aminolevulinic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new concept in photosensitizing tumor cells is photosensitizer synthesis in situ. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PP IX), a potent photosensitizer. The goal of our study was to examine dark toxicity, phototoxic potential, metabolism of ALA and morphological alterations in Waf bladder cancer cells. Dark toxicity of Waf cells was observed after incubation with ALA, beginning at a concentration of 15 mM. Photodynamic treatment with ALA at concentrations of 1,5 and 10 mM showed a drug- and light-dose-dependent cell survival rate in comparison to a control group. Two incubation times of 3.5 and 5.5 h were compared for cell survival. After a longer incubation time of 5.5 h, cell survival was decreased in all experiments; this is consistent with our extraction data where higher fluorescence was found after 5.5 than after 3.5 h. The results show that ALA-induced photosensitization has a high potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of superficial bladder carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 22 (1994), S. 21-23 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Photodynamic therapy ; Intravenous injection ; Intravesical instillation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists in administration of a photosensitizer and subsequent irradiation of the tumor with visible light. Routinely the photosensitizer is given intravenously (i.v.). The goal of our study was to examine whether intravesical (i.b.) instillation of the photosensitizer for PDT of bladder cancer might be feasible. Therefore, the uptake of chlor-aluminum-sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASPc) in bladder, bladder tumor, skin, and muscle in a rat bladder cancer model after i.v. injection and i.b instillation was compared. The efficacy of PDT after either method of administration was also evaluated. The CASPc concentration in bladder tumor after i.v. injection was approximately 1.5-fold that after i.b. instillation. The ratio of CASPc concentration between bladder tumor and normal bladder was approximately 2:1 after administration by either route. There was no systemic absorption of CASPc after i.b. instillation; hence no systemic side effects are expected. PDT showed similar effects on bladder tumor after either method of administration, but less side effects on normal bladder wall after i.b instillation. Our results demonstrate that i.b. instillation of CASP for PDT of superficial bladder cancer seems to have advantages over i.v. injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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