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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 73 (1987), S. 7-15 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Foraging ; Leaf miner ; Host ranking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The foraging behavior of females of the leaf miner, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), (Diptera: Agromyzidae) when encountering unexploited or exploited alfalfa plants was studied in large field cages and in laboratory bioassays. Females did not recognize any exploited leaflets before contacting them and did not distinguish between leaflets with an egg or first instar larva and unexploited leaflets, even after contact. Only one fly oviposited in leaflets which contained 80–120 nutrition holes, one late second or third instar larva or which were marked with an epideictic pheromone in field cages. In laboratory bioassays females oviposited less in leaflets containing a second or third instar larva or an empty larval mine than in unexploited ones. Females foraging on unexploited leaflets engaged in area-restricted search and 10 of 11 females remained on the test plant for the full 60 min of observation. However, females foraging on exploited plants were much more active, spent a greater proportion of their time searching for suitable hosts, had the highest rates of visitation to all above ground plant parts and emigrated to the cage walls before 60 min had elapsed. These quantitative measures of foraging behavior indicated that females ranked plants after landing on them in the following order: unexploited plants 〉plants marked with pheromone or with many nutrition holes 〉plants with late instar larvae. The order of host ranking by foragers was in general agreement with the suitability of the host plants for larval survival, development and reproduction, as estimated from previous laboratory studies. Females of A. frontella foraging on unexploited alfalfa plants fed and oviposited significantly more often in the upper apical leaflets than in the lower, older leaflets. However, the choice of feeding site by flies on exploited plants did not vary with leaflet position (age), indicating that females fed in order to sample leaflet quality and that females investigated lower (older) leaves after they discovered that the preferred upper leaves were occupied. These data suggest that high quality oviposition sites may be limiting for A. frontella females, which could explain why superparasitism of leaflets sometimes occurs in nature, even when unexploited sites are available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 73-79 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Leaf miner ; Agromyza frontella ; diurnal activity pattern ; hygrothermic stress ; sexual selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'observation visuelle des adultes de la mineuse virgule de la luzerne, A. frontella, dans des champs de luzerne de deux regions differentes du Québec, ont démontré que les mâles étaient plus nombreux sur les plantes tôt le matin, vers la find de l'après — midi et tôt en soirée, ce qui a coincidé avec l'occurence bimodale de l'accouplement. L'abondance diurne des femelles variait moins que celle des mâles et les femelles se nourrissaient activement pendant toute la journée. La fréquence de l'alimentation et de la ponte chez les femelles (les mâles n'étant observé que très rarement en train de se nourrir) étaient corrélées positivement à la température ambiante de l'air de méme qu'à l'insolation mais étaient négativement corrélées à l'humidité relative. Contrairement aux femelles, l'abondance des mâles et l'incidence de l'accouplement étaient habituellement corrélées négativement à la température ambiante de l'air, à l'insolation et à la vitesse du vent alors qu'elles étaient positivement corrélées à l'humidité relative. Plusieurs hypothèses pouvant expliquer le dimorphisme sexuelle des activitées diurnes de cette mineuse ainsi que leurs implications quant à la “fitness”, des individus, sont discutés.
    Notes: Abstract Observations of adult Agromyza frontella (Rondani) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (cv. Saranac), fields in two regions of Quebec, Canada, demonstrated that males were most abundant on alfalfa plants early in the morning and in the late afternoon/early evening, which coincided with the occurrence of bimodal mating activity. Male abundance and incidence of mating were usually negatively correlated with air temperature, solar insolation and wind speed and positively correlated with relative humidity. The daily pattern of female abundance on alfalfa varied less than that of males. Females fed and oviposited throughout the day, and the frequency of these activities were usually positively correlated with air temperature and solar insolation and negatively correlated with relative humidity. Possible reasons for the sexual dimorphism in the daily activity patterns of this leaf miner, and their significance for individual fitness, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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