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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: coronary conductance artery ; coronary spasm ; serotonin antagonist ; phentolamine ; nadolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung intravenöser Infusionen von Ergonovitartrat (0.05–20 μg/kg/min, 12 Minuten Dauer) auf die Koronararterien wurde in 14 wachen Hunden untersucht. Die Tiere waren für eine kontinuierliche Messung des Gefäßdurchmessers mit einem Ultraschall-Verfahren mittels implantierten piezoelektrischen 10-MHz-Kristallen ausgerüstet. Ergonovin verursachte eine biphasische Koronarreaktion: eine geringgradige, vorübergehende Dilatation während der ersten Minuten der Infusion, anschließend eine allmählich einsetzende Konstriktion, die ihr Maximum erst 5–15 Minuten nach Ende der Infusion erreichte und für mindestens 10 Minuten bestehen blieb. Die Schwellendosis für signifikante Konstriktion betrug 0,05 μg/kg/min. Die Dosis von 5 μg/kg/min (kumulativ 60 μg/kg, was 35 μg/kg Ergonovin-Maleat entspricht) verursachte eine Abnahme des mittleren Durchmessers der linken umschlingenden Koronararterie um 137±15 μm (=4,6%) ohne signifikante Wirkungen auf Herzfrequenz, Plasma-Katecholamine oder Plasma-Renin-Aktivität. Die koronarvenöse O2-Sättigung nahm nicht ab, demnach erfolgte also keine Konstriktion von koronaren Widerstandsgefäßen. Die Konstriktion der epikardialen Gefäße war nicht durch einen Vasopressin-Antagonisten abschwächbar. Unter adrenerger Blockade (2 mg/kg Phentolamin und 2 mg/kg Nadolol) oder unter Ganglienblockade (5 mg/kg Pentoliniumtartrat) verursachte Ergonovin (5 μg/kg/min) eine erhebliche Zunahme des arteriellen Mitteldruckes, während die Verminderung des Koronararterien-Durchmessers abgeschwächt war. Wurde dieser arterielle Druckanstieg durch entsprechende Blutentnahme verhindert, so war die Ergonovin-induzierte Koronarkonstriktion weder durch adrenerge Blockade noch durch Ganglienblockade abgeschwächt. Der Serotonin-Antagonist Methysergid (0,5 mg/kg) hob die ergonovininduzierten Koronarreaktionen vollständig auf. Ergonovin verursacht in Hunden eine Konstriktion epikardialer Koronararterien ähnlich der diffusen Koronarverengung in Menschen, die nicht an “Variant”-Angina-pectoris leiden. Diese Konstriktionen werden nicht durch einen adrenergen Mechanismus bewirkt.
    Notes: Summary The effect of i.v. ergonovine tartrate infusions (0.05–20 μg/kg/min, 12 minutes duration) on coronary arteries was studied in 14 conscious dogs instrumented to continuously measure vascular diameter by an ultrasonic dimension gauge using 10-MHz piezoelectric crystals. Ergonovine induced a biphasic coronary response: small, transient dilation during the first minutes of infusion, followed by slowly developing constriction reaching its maximum 5 to 15 minutes after the end of the infusion and persisting at this level for at least 10 minutes. The threshold dosage for significant constriction was 0.05 μg/kg/min. A dosage of 5 μg/kg/min (cumulative 60 μg/kg, corresponding to 35 μg/kg ergonovine maleate) caused a decline in mean left circumflex artery diameter by 137±15 μm (=4.6%) without significantly altering heart rate, plasma catecholamines or plasma renin activity. Coronary venous O2 saturation did not decline, indicating the absence of coronary resistance vessel constriction. The epicardial artery constriction was not attenuated by a vasopressin antagonist. Under adrenergic blockade (2 mg/kg phentolamine and 2 mg/kg nadolol) or under ganglionic blockade (5 mg/kg pentolinium tartrate), ergonovine (5 μg/kg/min) caused substantial elevation in mean arterial pressure, while the decline in coronary artery diameter was attenuated. When this increase in arterial pressure was prevented by appropriate bleeding, the ergonovine-induced coronary constriction was not diminished by adrenergic or ganglionic blockade. The serotonin antagonist methysergide (0.5 mg/kg) completely abolished the ergonovine-induced coronary artery vasomotion. It is concluded that ergonovine in dogs causes an epicardial coronary artery constriction comparable to the diffuse coronary artery narrowing in men not suffering from variant angina pectoris. These constrictions are not mediated by an adrenergic mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Because of the growing utilization of renewable raw materials, the technical use of lignocellulosic fibres from wood and other annual plant materials is becoming increasingly important. The conventional production process of fibreboards is characterized by high-energy consumption and use of ecologically insecure synthetic lesins. Approximately 40 to 45% of the total energy expenditure are used for the thermo-mechanical pulping. Because of high plastication temperatures, an inactive lignin crust on the fibre surface is formed. For that reason, for glueing of the fibres, urea formaldehyde and melamin resins are usually used. The costs for the resin amount to approximately 50% of the entire material costs. In addition, environmental problems are caused. The aim of our investigation is the reduction of energy and resin consumption by enzymatic modification of wood chips and the enzymatic activation of the inherent bonding strength of the material. The first industrial use of fungi for the modification of wood was in the production of “Myco wood”. Pleurothus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor were applied for nonsterile delignification of beech wood. The present investigation of the authors deals with the mycological pre-treatment of wood chips in order to reduce the energy consumption during wood pulping. The screening results favour the brown rotter Gleophyllum trabeum for pinewood (Pinus silvestris) and the white rotter Trametes hirsuta for beech (Fagus silvatica). Both species show resistance against mould fungi. The use of submerged inoculum of these fungi has the advantage over wheat inoculum that the lag phase is less than 12 hours and that the addition of nutrients or fungicides is not necessary. Short-time wood chip incubation results in a 40% decrease of energy consumption during thermo-mechanical pulping and in improved fibreboard properties. Lignin reduction could not be determined by gravimetrical and x-ray microanalysis.Comparative investigations of fibre incubation using laccase, a submerged culture of Trametes versicolor and rape straw fibres show a high increase in bending and tensile strength and an improvement in the hygroscopic properties of glue-free fibre boards for the last two incubation kinds. Similar effects have been obtained incubating pine wood fibres for the production of fibre sheets with enzyme medium of Trichoderma reseei.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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