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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gram-positive bacterial flora on the root surface of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under different soil conditions (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rhizosphere ; Soil Microflora ; Gram-positive Bacteria ; Coryneform Bacteria ; Arthrobacter spp. ; Mol% G+C ; Diaminopimelic acid ; DAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We identified 108 Gram-positive bacterial strains isolated from the root surface of wheat grown under different soil conditions. The strains were divided into four groups based on morphological and physiological characteristics, but most appeared to be coryneform. The taxonomic position of the various groups was verified by the guanine+cytosine DNA contents of the strains. In general, the ranges of these values agreed with those described for the respective taxonomic positions in the literature, with a few exceptions. With soil improvement the distribution of the various groups on the root surface changed, with the coryneform group becoming dominant. This group was further divided into five subgroups, according to cell wall components, cellulose-decomposition, and morphological characteristics, and were identified to genus level. The distribution of these subgroups on the root surface of wheat did not alter with soil improvement. The genus Arthrobacter, the dominant subgroup, predominated in every plot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336051
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gram-negative bacterial flora on the root surface of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown under different soil conditions (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Rhizosphere ; Soil microflora ; Gram-negative bacteria ; API 20 NE ; Flavobacterium spp ; Cytophaga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We identified 161 Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the root surface of wheat grown under different soil conditions. The strains were divided into seven groups based on major morphological and physiological properties. Taxonomic allocation of the groups was verified by guanine+cytosine contents of DNA. Except for one group, which may be assumed to include bacteria belonging to the genera Flavobacterium and Cytophaga, the various groups were taxonomically united. The distribution of the groups changed with soil improvement. Pseudomonads predominated in unimproved soil, but Flavobacterium and Cytophaga spp. were predominant in the most improved soil. As all the strains were non-fermentative by Hugh and Leifson's test, API 20NE identification was applied. However, many strains were misidentified by this system, especially in the Flavobacterium and Cytophaga spp. group. For ecological studies, the strains were classified to species level by the API 20 NE system and by the results of a combination of guanine+cytosine (mol%) and isoprenoid quinone data. The pattern of distribution of the bacteria on the root surface of wheat varied at species level within one genus depending on soil conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335955
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuations in bacterial populations on the root surface of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under different soil conditions (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 246-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Volcanic ash soil ; Fluorescent pseudomonads ; Rhizosphere ; Wheat ; Bacterial groups ; Phosphate fertilizer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Populations of several bacterial groups on the root surface of wheat and in root-free soil were investigated in volcanic ash soil and non-volcanic ash soil throughout a series of predetermined intervals. Over time, the populations changed similarly both on the root surface and in root-free soil. The numbers of total bacteria, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and NH inf+ sup4 -oxidizing bacteria, were consistently lower in the plots with volcanic ash soil than with nonvolcanic ash soil, but the numbers of cellulose-decomposing bacteria were opposite to those of the other groups. Superphosphate application improved the growth of wheat in the volvanic ash soil. It did not, however, bring about any significant changes in the bacterial populations among the volcanic ash soils supplemented with three different levels of superphosphate, though there were some variations with plant age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395459
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sperm tail entry into the mouse egg in vitro (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 6 (1982), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermatozoon ; egg ; fertilization ; in vitro ; incorporation ; cincmatography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cumulus-free mouse eggs were placed on microscope slides and inseminated with capacitated mouse spermatozoa. Fertilization could then be observed through the phase contrast microscope and recorded by time-lapse cinematography. Following the penetration of the fertilizing spermatozoon through the zona pellucida and the fusion of the sperm head with the vitelline membrane, the entire sperm tail gradually entered the vitellus. The time required for tail incorporation into the vitellus as measured in 49 eggs varied from 3 h 3 min to 5 h 49 min, with a mean time of 4 h 23 min. When tail incorporation began, the greater part of the flagellum was still outside the zona pellucida; occasionally it slipped into the perivitelline space, but generally it remained outside the zona and shortened by degrees as incorporation proceeded. The motility of the fertilizing spermatozoon declined abruptly very soon after fusion of the sperm head with the vitellus and remained at a very low level during the 3-6 h required for tail incorporation. Sperm motility, therefore, does not appear to be the main determinant in tail incorporation and the primary mechanism responsible for it remains unclear. As the sperm tail slowly entered the vitellus, the second meiotic division was completed with concomitant extrusion of the second polar body. Key stages in second polar body formation were correlated with events in tail incorporation. Differences between fertilization in vitro and in vivo are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120060305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of a magnetic field generator for experiments on magnetic effects in cell cultures (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 5 (1984), S. 399-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: magnet ; magnetic field ; tissue culture ; exposure system ; biological effects ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A magnetic field generator constructed of rare earth-cobalt magnets is proposed for examining the biological effects of static magnetic fields (less than 1 T) on tissue cultures. Important quantities of a magnetic field from a biological-effects viewpoint, ie, its strength and the product of strength and gradient, are analysed. A practical procedure for designing the generator with optimum parameters is given. Also, parameters are determined which will yield a sinusoidal spatial field distribution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250050405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of static magnetic fields on diffusion in solutions (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Lorentz force ; Maxwell stress ; threshold field strength ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Static magnetic fields affect the diffusion of biological particles in solutions through the Lorentz force and Maxwell stress. These effects were analyzed theoretically to estimate the threshold field strength for these effects. Our results show that the Lorentz force suppresses the diffusion of charged particles such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and plasma proteins. However, the threshold is so high, i.e., more than 104 T, that the Lorentz force does not affect the ion diffusion at typical field strengths (a few Tesla at most). Since the threshold of gradient fields for producing a change in ion diffusion through the Maxwell stress is more than 105 T2/m for paramagnetic molecules (FeCl3, O2) and plasma proteins, their diffusion would be unaffected by typical gradient fields (100 T2/m at most) and even by high gradient fields (less than 105 T2/m) used in magnetic separation techniques. In contrast, movement of deoxygenated erythrocytes and FeCl3 colloids (more than 103 molecules) is influenced by the usual gradient fields due to a volume effect.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090207
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