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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chronology of lesion repair in the developing rat brain: Biological significance of the pre-existing extracellular space (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1986), S. 347-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Developing brain ; Extracellular space ; Cytotoxicity of ethylnitrosourea ; Matrix cell necrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We observed the histological peculiarities of the repair process in a destructive lesion of the developing rat brain during neurogenesis. Degeneration was induced selectively in certain cells of the proliferating phase in the rat fetal neopallium on embryonic day 16 by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea. Successive elimination of necrotic cells and the restoration process were observed. The repair process was divided into the following steps. 1) Elimination of individually affected cells by phagocytes in the pre-existing extracellular space. 2) Successive restoration of the disintegrated area by cells wh ich differentiated from remaining matrix cells. No reactive gliosis, fibrosis, abnormal vascularization or infiltration of granulocytes and lymphocytes was observed at any time. The thinned neopallium on postnatal day 21 revealed only a small number and abnormal distribution of the cortical neurons. It may be assumed that the fetal brain owes its unique repair features to the presence of a vast extracellular space under normal conditions. In this pre-existing extracellular space, every kind of cell seems to exist separately without the intercellular adhesions characteristic of the adult brain. When degeneration occurs in certain cells the phagocytes would be able to eliminate the degenerate cells completely in this space without having to break intercellular adhesions. As a result, after the completion of cell elimination, the injured brain is restored to its original state with no cell reaction, giving the appearance of a small brain with normal-looking histological architecture, save only for the sparseness of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707693
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoarchitectonic investigation of the rat spinal cord following ethylnitrosourea administration at different developmental stages (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Developing spinal cord ; Cytotoxicity of ethylnitrosourea ; Matrix cell necrosis ; Neurogenesis ; Cytoarchitecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the histological findings and cytoarchitectonic alterations in the rat spinal cord following matrix cell degeneration caused at different developmental stages, from neural plate formation through neuroblast generation. Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) 20 mg/kg body weight was administered transplacentally to the fetuses on the 10th embryonic day (E10) to 14th. The observations were made until the 21st postnatal day. Normally, mitoses were present scatteredly in the matrix cell layer of the neural plate or neural tube on El0 or E11, and gradually restricted to the dorsal portion of the alar plate as development occurred. The localization and number of degenerative cells as well as the site and degree of neuronal decrease in the completed dysgenetic spinal cord seemed to correlate with the topography and frequency of the mitoses in the matrix cell layer at the time of ENU administration. Disorder in the pattern of cytoarchitecture of neurons was not observed. The degree of hypoplasia of the white matter was proportional to the intensity of decrease of the spinal neurons. Aberrant myelinated fibers were not seen. No reactive gliosis, fibrosis or abnormal vascularization was observed at any time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737145
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neostriatum and nucleus accumbens in parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam: a pathological comparison with Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 122-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Parkinsonism-dementia complex ; Alzheimer's disease ; Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Neostriatum ; Nucleus accumbens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neostriatum, nucleus accumbens and basal nucleus of Meynert (bnM) in the parkinsonismdementia complex of Guam (Guam PDC) were examined immunohistologically, ultrastructurally, quantitatively and topographically, and the results were compared with those in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Compared to neurologically normal controls, the number of large neurons in Guam PDC was reduced by approximately 70% in the caudate nucleus and putamen and by more than 90% in the nucleus accumbens. The decreased number of large neurons in the neostriatum was significantly correlated to that in the bnM. The remaining large neurons and many of the medium-sized neurons in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens were immunopositive for tau protein and contained varying amounts of 21- to 25-nm-wide paired helical filaments (PHFs) admixed with straight tubules. Curly fibers and circularly arranged reactive astrocytes were seen in the nucleus accumbens of many PDC patients. Collectively, these findings, which are similar in part to those of AD and differ from those of PSP, suggest that the large neurons in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens in Guam PDC degenerate through PHF formation, and that extremely severe loss of large neurons in the nucleus accumbens may be linked to marked degeneration of the limbic and ventral tegmental areas and nucleus dorsal raphe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294504
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of Guam: the nature of the neuropathological findings (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 405-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Parkinsonism-dementia complex ; Guam ; Neuropathology ; Quantitative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the fundamental differences and similarities of the neuropathological features and etiopathogenesis of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) of Guam, we conducted a topographic, quantitative and histological investigation of tau-containing neurons, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), Bunina bodies and ubiquitinated inclusion bodies in 27 non-ALS non-PDC Guamanian subjects, as well as 10 Guam ALS patients, 28 PDC patients, and 5 patients with combined ALS and PDC (ALS-PDC). The topographic distribution of NFTs was basically the same in each disease and also in the non-ALS non-PDC group. There were relatively few, if any, NFTs in non-ALS non-PDC subjects and ALS patients, but there were many, especially in the frontal and temporal cortex, in Guam PDC and ALS-PDC patients. The histological and ultrastructural features of Bunina bodies in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients were similar to those reported in classic ALS. The ratio of occurrence of the inclusion in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients was similar to that reported so far in classic ALS. Ubiquitinated skein-like inclusion bodies were observed in the spinal anterior horn cells in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients. These findings indicate that classic ALS does exist on Guam, that NFTs in Guam ALS patients are merely a background feature widely dispersed in the population, that the mechanism of neuronal degeneration of Guam ALS is basically different from that of PDC, and that Guam ALS occurs initially as classic ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389491
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of Guam: the nature of the neuropathological findings (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 405-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Parkinsonism-dementia complex ; Guam Neuropathology ; Quantitative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the fundamental differences and similarities of the neuropathological features and etiopathogenesis of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) of Guam, we conducted a topographic, quantitative and histological investigation of tau-containing neurons, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), Bunina bodies and ubiquitinated inclusion bodies in 27 non-ALS non-PDC Guamanian subjects, as well as 10 Guam ALS patients, 28 PDC patients, and 5 patients with combined ALS and PDC (ALS-PDC). The topographic distribution of NFTs was basically the same in each disease and also in the non-ALS non-PDC group. There were relatively few, if any, NFTs in non-ALS non-PDC subjects and ALS patients, but there were many, especially in the frontal and temporal cortex, in Guam PDC and ALS-PDC patients. The histological and ultrastructural features of Bunina bodies in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients were similar to those reported in classic ALS. The ratio of occurrence of the inclusion in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients was similar to that reported so far in classic ALS. Ubiquitinated skein-like inclusion bodies were observed in the spinal anterior horn cells in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients. These findings indicate that classic ALS does exist on Guam, that NFTs in Guam ALS patients are merely a background feature widely dispersed in the population, that the mechanism of neuronal degeneration of Guam ALS is basically different from that of PDC, and that Guam ALS occurs initially as classic ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389491
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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