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  • Wetland rice  (3)
  • Methane consumption  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of methane oxidation in aerobic soil by nitrogen fertilizers, nitrification inhibitors, and urease inhibitors (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methane consumption ; Methanotrophs Urea ; Ammonium oxidation ; Differential inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of CH4, a potent greenhouse gas, have been increasing in the atmosphere at the rate of 1% per year. The objective of these laboratory studies was to measure the effect of different forms of inorganic N and various N-transformation inhibitors on CH4 oxidation in soil. NH 4 + oxidation was also measured in the presence of the inhibitors to determine whether they had differential activity with respect to CH4 and NH 4 + oxidation. The addition of NH4Cl at 25 μg N g-1 soil strongly inhibited (78–89%) CH4 oxidation in the surface layer (0–15 cm) of a fine sandy loam and a sandy clay loam (native shortgrass prairie soils). The nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (5 μg g-1 soil) inhibited CH4 oxidation as effectively as did NH4Cl in the fine sandy loam (82–89%), but less effectively in the sandy clay loam (52–66%). Acetylene (5 μmol mol-1 in soil headspace) had a strong (76–100%) inhibitory effect on CH4 consumption in both soils. The phosphoroamide (urease inhibitor) N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) showed strong inhibition of CH4 consumption at 25 μg g-1 soil in the fine sandy loam (83%) in the sandy clay loam (60%), but NH 4 + oxidation inhibition was weak in both soils (13–17%). The discovery that the urease inhibitor NBPT inhibits CH4 oxidation was unexpected, and the mechanism involved is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383979
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of dinitrogen and nitrous oxide from the soil to the atmosphere through rice plants (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Flooded soil ; 15N ; Urea ; 15N balance ; Wetland rice ; Oryza sativa L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It is commonly assumed that a large fraction of fertilizer N applied to a rice (Oryza sativa L.) field is lost from the soil-water-plant system as a result of denitrification. Direct evidence to support this view, however, is limited. The few direct field, denitrification gas measurements that have been made indicate less N loss than that determined by 15N balance after the growing season. One explanation for this discrepancy is that the N2 produced during denitrification in a flooded soil remains trapped in the soil system and does not evolve to the atmosphere until the soil dries or is otherwise disturbed. It seems likely, however, that N2 produced in the soil uses the rice plants as a conduit to the atmosphere, as does methane. Methane evolution from a rice field has been demonstrated to occur almost exclusively through the rice plants themselves. A field study in Cuttack, India, and a greenhouse study in Fort Collins, Colorado, were conducted to determine the influence of rice plants on the transport of N2 and N2O from the soil to the atmosphere. In these studies, plots were fertilized with 75 or 99 atom % 15N-urea and 15N techniques were used to monitor the daily evolution of N2 and N2O. At weekly intervals the amount of N2+N2O trapped in the flooded soil and the total-N and fertilized-N content of the soil and plants were measured in the greenhouse plots. Direct measurement of N2+N2O emission from field and greenhouse plots indicated that the young rice plant facilitates the efflux of N2 and N2O from the soil to the atmosphere. Little N gas was trapped in the rice-planted soils while large quantities were trapped in the unplanted soils. N losses due to denitrification accounted for only up to 10% of the loss of added N in planted soils in the field or greenhouse. The major losses of fertilizer N from both the field and greenhouse soils appear to have been the result of NH3 volatilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335863
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term large N and immediate small N addition effects on trace gas fluxes in the Colorado shortgrass steppe (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1998), S. 44-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrous oxide ; Methane consumption ; Nitrification ; Oxides of nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Land use changes in semiarid grasslands have long-lasting effects. Reversion to near-original conditions with respect to plant populations and productivity requires more than 50 years following plowing. The impact of more subtle management changes like small, annual applications of N fertilizer or changing cattle stocking rates, which alters N redistribution caused by grazing and cattle urine deposition, is not known. To investigate the long-term effects of N addition to the Colorado shortgrass steppe we made weekly, year-round measurements of N2O and CH4 from the spring of 1990 through June 1996. Fluxes of NOx (NO plus NO2) were measured from October 1995 through June 1996. These measurements illustrated that large N applications, either in a single dose (45 g N m–2), simulating cattle urine deposition, or in small annual applications over a 15-year period (30 g N m–2) continued to stimulate N2O emissions from both sandy loam and clay loam soils 6–15 years after N application. In sandy loam soils last fertilized 6 years earlier, average NOx emissions were 60% greater than those from a comparable, unfertilized site. The long-term impact of these N additions on CH4 uptake was soil-dependent, with CH4 uptake decreased by N addition only in the coarser textured soils. The short-term impact of small N additions (0.5–2 g N m–2) on N2O, NOx emissions and CH4 uptake was observed in field studies made during the summer of 1996. There was little short-term effect of N addition on CH4 uptake in either sandy loam or clay loam soils. Small N additions did not result in an immediate increase in N2O emissions from the sandy loam soil, but did significantly increase N2O flux from the clay loam soil. The reverse soil type, N addition interaction occurred for NOx emissions where N addition increased NOx emissions in the coarser textured soil 10–20 times those of N2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050461
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of encapsulated calcium carbide on dinitrogen, nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide emissions from flooded rice (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Flooded soil ; 15N ; Urea ; Wetland rice ; Oryza sativa L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The efficiency of N use in flooded rice is usually low, chiefly due to gaseous losses. Emission of CH4, a gas implicated in global warming, can also be substantial in flooded rice. In a greenhouse study, the nitrification inhibitor encapsulated calcium carbide (a slow-release source of acetylene) was added with 75, 150, and 225 mg of 75 atom % 15N urea-N to flooded pots containing 18-day-old rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Urea treatments without calcium carbide were included as controls. After the application of encapsulated calcium carbide, 3.6 μg N2, 12.4 μg N2O-N, and 3.6 mg CH4 were emitted per pot in 30 days. Without calcium carbide, 3.0 mg N2, 22.8 μg N2O-N, and 39.0 mg CH4 per pot were emitted during the same period. The rate of N added had a positive effect on N2 and N2O emissions, but the effect on CH4 emissions varied with time. Carbon dioxide emissions were lower with encapsulated calcium carbide than without. The use of encapsulated calcium carbide appears effective in eliminating N2 losses, and in minimizing emissions of the “greenhouse gases” N2O and CH4 in flooded rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336375
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane mitigation in flooded Louisiana rice fields (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methane emissions ; Flooded soil ; Greenhouse gas ; Wetland rice ; Mitigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field experiment was conducted to determine whether selected nitrification inhibitors (encapsulated calcium carbide and dicyandiamide) and SO inf4 sup-2 -containing compounds [(NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4] had mitigating effects on CH4 emissions from flooded rice. Microplots were established within a rice bay drill-seeded with the Texmont rice cultivar and CH4 fluxes were measured over the main rice cropping season. Methane emissions over the 77-day sampling period were approximately 230, 240, 260, 290, 310, and 360 kg CH4 ha-1 from the calcium carbide, Na2SO4-rate II, Na2SO4-rate I, (NH4)2SO4, dicyandiamide, and urea (control) treatments, respectively. Reductions in CH4 evolution, compared to the control, ranged from 14 to 35%, depending on treatment. The selected inhibitors and SO inf4 sup-2 -containing compounds appear to be effective in reducing the CH4 emitted from flooded rice fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361607
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