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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels do not modulate aminergic neurotransmitter release induced by transient global cerebral ischaemia: an in vivo microdialysis study in rat (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 93 (1993), S. 288-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Calcium entry blockers ; Transient cerebral ischaemia ; Aminergic neurotransmitters ; Microdialysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral ischaemia induces considerable neurotransmitter exocytosis, mediated by calcium entry in neurones, essentially via the N-type, voltage-dependent channels, which are insensitive to calcium blockers. Nonetheless, these blockers, by unclear mechanisms, exert a neuroprotective effect when used in experimental ischaemic models. On the other hand, the existence of L-type, voltage-dependent channels, the only ones responding to the action of calcium blockers on synapses, argues in favour of their possible concomitant action in certain highly pathological situations. We studied the action of three calcium blockers, nimodipine, diltiazem and verapamil (administered at a concentration of 100 μM directly into the striatum of rats), on the extracellular release of dopamine and serotonin, and on the level of their main metabolites, in a model of transient global cerebral ischaemia (four-vessel occlusion). The total absence of effect of these molecules on neurotransmitter release induced by ischaemia proves the non-involvement of this mechanism in the protective action of calcium entry blockers on ischaemic lesions, and the absence or very weak action of L-type, voltage-dependent presynaptic channels in the striatum of rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228396
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal profile of aminergic neurotransmitter release in striatal dialysates in rats with post-ischemic seizures (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 97 (1994), S. 437-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Seizures ; Ischemia ; Aminergic Neurotransmitters ; Microdialysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The temporal profiles of aminergic neurotransmitter levels and of their acid metabolites after transient global cerebral ischemia in awake rats with and without subsequent seizures were compared using a microdialysis approach. In seizure animals, the post-ischemic levels of dopamine and serotonin were higher than the levels observed in the non-seizure controls. Inversely, the levels of the three neurotransmitter metabolites increased rapidly in the controls but not in seizure animals, where they remained at the low levels observed during and immediately after ischemia. This particular pattern is similar to that observed in rats submitted to prolonged ischemia or pretreated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In the seizure animals, neurotransmitter metabolites remained at low levels, as if the hypoxia had continued after the period of ischemia, inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity and, perhaps, neurotransmitter recapture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241537
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior and personality assessment in men labeled adaptive sociopaths (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment 5 (1983), S. 65-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3505
    Keywords: sociopathy ; impulsiveness ; adaptive behavior ; Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Few efforts have been made to understand antisocial-prone individuals who maintain adaptive functioning. This study identified a sample of potentially deviant but adaptively functioning persons to determine whether they differed significantly from their more conforming peers. A small sample of men was selected by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-defined criteria for sociopathy and compared with MMPI-defined normals of similar ages, backgrounds, and intelligence. Response variables were those cited in the literature as characteristic of sociopathic psychopathology and included measures of abilities to plan ahead and inhibit impulsiveness, sensation seeking, interpersonal performance and style, and behavior conformity. Men labeled adaptive sociopaths showed greater impulsiveness and needs for experience seeking, earned lower scores on measures of socialization and self-control, and admitted greater adolescent behavior deviance. They were not shown to be less empathetic or less able to relate interpersonally in interview. The potential role of socially constructive self-determined goals and tangible vocational rewards as mediators of adaptive behavior are discussed in terms of overcoming antisocial tendencies and attenuation of behavior disinhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01343639
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of cognitive control in psychopathic and normal prisoners (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment 5 (1983), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3505
    Keywords: psychopaths ; frontal lobes ; cognitive processes ; impulsiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract It has been suggested that psychopaths exhibit specific deficits in cognitive processes associated with frontal lobe functioning. There is also evidence which indicates that level of intelligence may influence expression of impulse control among psychopaths. The present study investigated these hypotheses by comparing groups of 44 psychopaths and 14 normal controls selected from a sample of incarcerated male felons using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-defined criteria. Dependent variables included several measures of cognitive flexibility, perseveration, and impulsiveness. Compared to normal controls, psychopaths showed no greater tendencies to persist in incorrect responding, disregard cues suggesting the need to modify behaviors, or proceed impulsively in problem solving. Level of intelligence was found to be a moderator variable influencing performance for psychopaths and normal controls. Results suggest that deficits in cognitive functioning are not necessarily characteristic of psychopaths across situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321449
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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