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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminergic Neurotransmitter and Water Content Changes in Rats After Transient Forebrain Ischemia (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have studied changes of cerebral monoamine metabolism and water content, during recirculation following global transient ischemia (20 min) using the four-vessel occlusion model in rats. Levels of monoamines and their metabolites were determined in cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Water content was evaluated by weight and by the analysis of Tl and T2 relaxation times in 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. Norepinephine levels decreased; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels oscillated and levels of the end products homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid increased. The regional changes were qualitatively similar but quantitatively different, and were greatest in the hippocampus, illustrating the concept of neuronal selective vulnerability. The changes suggest an initial monoarhine depletion and catabolism due to massive release from stores followed by autoregulatory processes. The water content increased moderately, with a maximum at 1 h. The variations of Tl were similar, positively correlated with water content and more pronounced in the cortex than in the white matter. T2 was markedly altered over the entire 24-h period. Those latter parameters are positively correlated with 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration in the hypothalamus consistent with a relationship between 5-hydroxytryptamine and cerebral edema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13072.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flumazenil (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    CNS drug reviews 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1527-3458
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3458.1996.tb00308.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels do not modulate aminergic neurotransmitter release induced by transient global cerebral ischaemia: an in vivo microdialysis study in rat (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 93 (1993), S. 288-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Calcium entry blockers ; Transient cerebral ischaemia ; Aminergic neurotransmitters ; Microdialysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral ischaemia induces considerable neurotransmitter exocytosis, mediated by calcium entry in neurones, essentially via the N-type, voltage-dependent channels, which are insensitive to calcium blockers. Nonetheless, these blockers, by unclear mechanisms, exert a neuroprotective effect when used in experimental ischaemic models. On the other hand, the existence of L-type, voltage-dependent channels, the only ones responding to the action of calcium blockers on synapses, argues in favour of their possible concomitant action in certain highly pathological situations. We studied the action of three calcium blockers, nimodipine, diltiazem and verapamil (administered at a concentration of 100 μM directly into the striatum of rats), on the extracellular release of dopamine and serotonin, and on the level of their main metabolites, in a model of transient global cerebral ischaemia (four-vessel occlusion). The total absence of effect of these molecules on neurotransmitter release induced by ischaemia proves the non-involvement of this mechanism in the protective action of calcium entry blockers on ischaemic lesions, and the absence or very weak action of L-type, voltage-dependent presynaptic channels in the striatum of rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228396
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal profile of aminergic neurotransmitter release in striatal dialysates in rats with post-ischemic seizures (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 97 (1994), S. 437-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Seizures ; Ischemia ; Aminergic Neurotransmitters ; Microdialysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The temporal profiles of aminergic neurotransmitter levels and of their acid metabolites after transient global cerebral ischemia in awake rats with and without subsequent seizures were compared using a microdialysis approach. In seizure animals, the post-ischemic levels of dopamine and serotonin were higher than the levels observed in the non-seizure controls. Inversely, the levels of the three neurotransmitter metabolites increased rapidly in the controls but not in seizure animals, where they remained at the low levels observed during and immediately after ischemia. This particular pattern is similar to that observed in rats submitted to prolonged ischemia or pretreated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In the seizure animals, neurotransmitter metabolites remained at low levels, as if the hypoxia had continued after the period of ischemia, inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity and, perhaps, neurotransmitter recapture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241537
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmatic renin activity in patients treated with l-dopa and inhibitor of dopa decarboxylase (IDC) (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 61 (1979), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Plasmatic renin activity ; Parkinson's disease ; l-Dopa ; Arterial blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasmatic renin activity (PRA) was studied in patients receiving l-dopa, together with a decarboxylase inhibitor, at rest times and after periods of physical exertion. Although we can superimpose the results from untreated Parkinson's disease patients on those of the control group, the results are inversed in stabilized patients (lowered PRA) and dyskinetic patients (increased PRA). There is a definite correlation between the increase in PRA and intensity of the dyskinesia. Dosage is the only other factor differentiating the two groups of Parkinsonians treated. The figures relative to arterial pressure are studied in the various groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426736
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of bromocriptine for testing central dopaminergic reactivity (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 70 (1980), S. 313-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Bromocriptine ; Dopaminergic mechanisms ; Plasma renin activity ; Blood pressure ; Extrapyramidal symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A single oral intake of 10 mg of Bromocriptine can modify both plasma renin activity (PRA) and arterial blood pressure (BP). The changes in both variables depend on the integrity of the central dopaminergic systems. The parkinsonians whose extrapyramidal symptoms are markedly improved by l-Dopa in association with a decarboxylase inhibitor (IDC) and the untreated parkinsonians are the only patients whose PRA and BP are lowered 1 h after Bromocriptine ingestion. The results obtained in the l-dopainduced dyskinetic parkinsonians are similar to those obtained in the group of l-Dopa-resistant patients. This points to the paradoxical hypothesis of dopaminergic hyposensitivity in the dyskinetic patients. In spite of the absence of correlation between PRA and BP, it is possible that lowering of BP by Bromocriptine is linked to the parallel decrease of PRA. An increase of the BP may be obtained in the dyskinetic and l-Dopa-resistant groups. These data point to a possible involvement of central dopaminergic systems in some aspects of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427893
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of glucose ingestion at the onset of moderate-intensity, prolonged exercise in women as compared to men (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 81 (2000), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Glucose ingestion ; Prolonged exercise ; Gender difference ; Glucose tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To test glucose tolerance during exercise, the effects of oral glucose ingestion (0.5 g · kg−1) on plasma glucose and hormonal responses (insulin, catecholamines) were investigated in 11 women [mean (SEM) age 21.6 (1.3) years] and 10 men [22.0 (0.3) years] during cycle ergometer exercise (30 min at 60% maximum oxygen consumption, V˙O2max). The two groups exhibited similar V˙O2max values, when expressed per kg of lean body mass. Venous blood samples (5 ml) were withdrawn immediately before the exercise, during the exercise (at 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min) and at the 30th min of the recovery period. Glucose was ingested orally between the 2nd and the 3rd min of the exercise. As compared to men, plasma glucose concentrations were lower in women during exercise (P 〈 0.05 at 3, 15 and 30 min) and at the 30th min of the recovery period (P 〈 0.001), while plasma insulin concentrations were higher in women during exercise (P 〈 0.05 at 3, 15 and 30 min). The ratio of the area under the curve for glucose over the area under the curve for insulin was lower in women during exercise (P 〈 0.0002). A linear relationship between glucose and insulin concentrations was found only for women during exercise (r = 0.615, P 〈 0.0001). No gender difference was observed for the catecholamine concentration during exercise. In conclusion, this study postulates that an oral glucose load given at the onset of a prolonged and moderate exercise bout induced lesser plasma glucose and greater insulin concentrations in women as compared to men. These data argue in favour of a greater glucose tolerance in women during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013802
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