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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of calcium in the myocardium of cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 20 (1988), S. 753-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Keywords: Calcium distribution ; Cardiomyopathic hamster ; Cytochemistry ; Mitochondria ; Sarcolemma
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2828(88)80019-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infarct size and calcium localization after experimental ischaemia with and without mioflazine pretreatment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 16 (1984), S. 30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2828(84)80365-X
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    R56865, a Na^+- and Ca^2^+-Overload Inhibitor, Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Blood-Perfused Rabbit Hearts
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 25 (1993), S. 1445-1459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Keywords: Na^+-linked Ca^2^+-overload; Blood perfused heart; Ischemia-reperfusion
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmcc.1993.1161
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by l-p-bromotetramisole (1975)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 44 (1975), S. 277-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A levamisole analogue, the l-p-bromotetramisole is introduced as a potent inhibitor of non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Complete inhibition is achieved cytochemically at a concentration of 0.1 mM in various rat tissues except the intestine, which is not affected. The d-p-bromotetramisole does not influence the alkaline phosphatase activities. Since no effect of the inhibitor is seen on the activities of specific phosphatases, this drug is recommended also as an additive for specific phosphatase media in order to yield the specific activity only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491496
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of alkaline phosphatase in trichinous muscle (1975)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 43 (1975), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of alkaline phosphatase during invasion and encystment of Trichinella spiralis in rat skeletal muscle fibres was studied at the ultrastructural level. On day 14 after infection, the enzymatic activity is found in proliferating parts of the T-tubular system and in parts of the plasmalemma. In cells, in which a strong hyperplasia of this system is noted, AIPase is present in the abundant network of stratified and concentric membranes from which a large number of pinocytic vesicles arise. From day 50 till 1 year after infection the enzyme activity was invariably present in the matrix surrounding the larvae and was confined to the enormous amounts of cytoplasmic membranes. The possible functional significance of this enzyme in the matrix, in view of its peculiar localization in the immediate vicinity of the parasite, is discussed. In the presence of 0.1 mM of the levamisole analogue, compound R 30402, which is a stereospecific inhibitor of AIPase, the activity is completely lost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499707
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dedifferentiated cardiomyocytes from chronic hibernating myocardium are ischemia-tolerant (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 186 (1998), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: ischemia ; dedifferentiation ; apoptosis ; chronic hibernating myocardium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Left ventricular biopsies from 21 patients with clinically diagnosed chronic hibernating myocardium (CHM) were examined by light- and electron microscopy. A mean of 27% of cardiomyocytes were structurally altered and were characterized as hibernating, because of reduced amount of myofibrils and increased glycogen content. Electron microscopy of these cells showed reduction of T-tubules and numerous small mitochondria, but few changes associated with degeneration, acute ischemia or apoptosis. The structural changes found in CHM are reminiscent of dedifferentiation rather than degeneration. The expression patterns of some structural proteins show resemblance with those in embryonic cardiomyocytes. Histochemically, mitochondrial NADH-oxidase and proton translocating ATPase activities were absent, whereas cytochrome c activity was present. Intracellular calcium distribution indicated normally bound sarcolemmal calcium and absence of excess mitochondrial calcium accumulation. Nuclear chromatin ranged from normal to dispersed with only a few nuclei that were clumped. These results suggest that cardiomyocytes from human CHM hearts are structurally altered, but viable, and lack morphologic and cytochemical characteristics suggestive of apoptosis or acute ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006887803970
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of calcium in skeletal and cardiac muscle (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 16 (1984), S. 295-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The requirement of calcium (Ca2+) in the excitation-contraction coupling of both skeletal and cardiac muscle is well established. However, the exact location of the intracellular storage sites of Ca2+ is not firmly established. We report here on the ultrastructural distribution of Ca2+ in white and red skeletal muscle and in cardiac muscle of the rat using combined phosphate-pyroantimonate (PPA) and oxalate-pyroantimonate (OPA) procedures. The methods are based on (a) stabilization and/or trapping of Ca2+ during the primary fixation step in glutaraldehyde by potassium phosphate or oxalate; (b) subsequent wash-out of all non-trapped cations such as Na+ and Mg2+ in potassium phosphate or oxalate; (c) conversion of the complexed or trapped Ca2+ into an electron-dense calcium pyroantimonate salt in 100 μm-thick tissue sections; and (d) wash-out of the excess potassium pyroantimonate at alkaline pH. With the OPA procedure, mitochondria of all muscle types showed little precipitate. The junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum was stongly reactive in relaxed white skeletal muscle, negative in contracted white fibres and negative in red skeletal and cardiac muscle, independent of the state of relaxation-contraction. Other organelles were essentially free of deposits. With the PPA method, the precipitate was almost exclusively confined to the sarcolemma and its T-tubular invaginations in cardiac and slow skeletal muscle, and was absent in fast skeletal muscle. Apart from occasional deposits in mitochondria, all other organelles were free of precipitate. The sarcolemma-associated deposits were clearly confined to the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. The amount of precipitate varied within the contraction cycle, relaxed cells possessing the highest density. Exposure of the tissue to La3+ resulted in the complete absence of sarcolemma-bound precipitate suggesting that the Ca2+ is exchangeable. Furthermore, these cytological data suggest a basic difference in Ca2+ storage between white skeletal muscle on the one hand, and red skeletal and cardiac muscle on the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01003613
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species differences in adenosine metabolic sites in the heart (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 24 (1992), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 5′-Nucleotidase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, two key enzymes in nucleoside metabolism, have been localized electronmicroscopically in left ventricular myocardium of the human, dog, pig, rabbit, guinea pig and rat. Ectonucleotidase activity was present in all species at the plasma membrane of pericytes. Reactive endothelial cells in the microcirculatory bed were restricted to those covering resistance arterioles. Cardiomyocytes were reactive only in the rat. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase was localized uniformly in the vascular endothelium of all species. The strongest activity was seen in the pericytes of guinea pig, rat and dog. Pericytes of rabbit and pig were virtually unreactive, whereas a minority of cells in human samples were positive. Cardiomyocytes were unreactive in all species. These variations in the distribution pattern of adenosine metabolic sites may have definite consequences for disposal and recovery of adenylates and their breakdown products in ischaemia and for the effects to be expected from interference with nucleoside transport inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01089106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of calcium in a subset of chronic hibernating myocardium in man (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 25 (1993), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structural correlates of ‘chronic hibernating myocardium’ in man consist of myocardial cells which transformed from a functional state (rich in contractile material) to a surviving state (poor in contractile material, rich in glycogen). Since the calcium-handling organelles such as SR, sarcolemma and mitochondria underwent structural changes in cells so affected, the distribution of calcium was investigated in biopsies obtained from ‘hibernating’ areas. The material was processed for microscopic localization of total calcium (laser microprobe mass analysis, LAMMA) and of exchangeable calcium (phosphate-pyroantimonate precipitation method, PPA). Subcellular distribution of total calcium as assessed by LAMMA revealed that in the structurally affected cells the areas in which sarcomeres were replaced by glycogen contained significantly more calcium than all other areas probed such as mitochondria, remaining sarcomeres at the cell periphery and subcellular areas of normally structured cells. Calcium precipitate, obtained after PPA assessment, was localized at the sarcolemma but was virtually absent in the mitochondria of affected cells. The high calcium content in the myolytic areas of affected cells most probably belongs to a pool of bound calcium. The observations that calcium is retained at the sarcolemma and that mitochondria are devoid of precipitate favour the hypothesis that cells structurally affected as such are not ischaemic and are still able to regulate their calcium homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00159123
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical evidence of NADH-oxidase activity in the isolated working rabbit heart subjected to normothermic global ischaemia (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 22 (1990), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cytochemical localization of NADH-oxidase, a possible source of oxygen derived toxic species was studied in the isolated working rabbit heart subjected to normothermic global ischaemia. The activity of this oxidase could be important for the damage observed during ischaemia, when cellular defence mechanisms against free radicals are depleted. In non-ischaemic myocardium only small amounts of the NADH-oxidase reaction product were present in the mitochondria. Although the reaction product could already be observed after 45 min of incubation, prolonged incubation times up to 2 h were necessary to clearly define these reactive sites. The reaction product is substrate dependent and is not affected by cyanide. Exposure of the hearts to ischaemia resulted in an alteration of the enzyme activity depending on the degree of ischaemic damage. In ultrastructurally slightly altered areas a high degree of cytochemical study supports the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radicals produced in the mitochondria by NADH-oxidase activity may contribute to the mitochondrial damage observed during ischaemia when NADH is no longer oxidized by the respiratory chain and cellular defence mechanisms are impaired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01962874
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