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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short- and long-term effects of crop residues and of phosphorus fertilization on pearl millet yield on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 36 (1994), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Crop residue ; Pearl millet ; Pennisetum ; Phosphorus ; Root growth ; West Africa
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90060-4
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Farmers' perceptions and attitudes towards introduced soil-fertility enhancing technologies in western Africa (1999)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 53 (1999), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: adoption ; Burkina Faso ; farmers' attitudes ; farmers' rationales ; fertilizers ; focus groups ; Mali ; Niger ; policy ; soil fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil fertility enhancing technologies (SFETs) have been promoted in the West African Semi-Arid Tropics (WASAT) for many years with limited success. Using a qualitative approach of focus group discussions, long, open-ended interviews and observations from field visits, this paper explores with farmers their beliefs and rationales behind the adoption or non-adoption of SFETs. Farmers are knowledgeable about, and practise SFETs of rock phosphate application, crop residue and farm yard manure, chemical fertilizer and crop rotation to combat soil fertility decline. Their attitudes to and rationales behind adoption decisions are influenced by the availability and use policies of land and labour resources, food security concerns, perceived profitability, contribution to sustainability and access to information. Some of the factors are beyond farmers' control and require a broad and integrated effort from research, extension and government to promote the use of the SFETs in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009745225465
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of crop residue and fertilizer use on pearl millet yields in Niger (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nutrient recycling ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field study was conducted over a 4-year period in Niger, West Africa, to determine the effects of crop residue (CR), fertilizer, or a combination of crop residue and fertilizer (CRF) on yields of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.). Despite a decline in yields of control plots (initial yields were 280 kg grain ha−1 declining to 75 kg grain ha−1 over 4 years), yields of fertilizer plots were maintained at 800–1,000 kg grain ha−1. Continued application of CR slowly augmented yields to levels similar to those of the fertilized plots. The effects of CR and fertilizer were approximately additive in the CRF plots. Addition of CR and fertilizer increased soil water use over the control by 57 mm to 268 mm in an average season and helped trap wind-blown soil. These plots tended to exhibit slightly higher soil pH and lower Al saturation than did the fertilized treatments. Return of CR to the soil resulted in significantly reduced export of most plant nutrients, especially Ca, Mg, and K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750571
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An economic evaluation of a long-term experiment on phosphorus and manure amendments to sandy Sahelian soils: Using a stochastic dominance model (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 33 (1992), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: manure ; Niger ; phosphorus ; Sahelian soils ; stochastic dominance framework
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Poor fertility status of sandy Sahelian soils represents a major constraint to cereal and legume production. Soil amendment options were evaluated, using a stochastic efficiency framework. Dominance analyses showed that in the presence of annual applications of 30 kg N ha−1 and 30 kg K ha−1, efficient soil amendment options comprise of either the annual application of 8.7 kg P ha−1 in the form of single superphosphates in combination with 5 tonnes manure ha−1 applied every three years or the annual application of 17.5 kg P ha−1 in the form of single superphosphates. Choice between these two efficient options depends on the availability of manure, deficiencies in sandy soils and farmer resource endowments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050874
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate and efficiency of N fertilizers applied to pearl millet in Niger (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 125 (1990), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) ; 15N ; urea ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field studies were conducted in Niger using 15N-labeled fertilizers to assess the fate and efficiency of fertilizer N in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R.Br.) production. Total plant uptake of fertilizer N was low in all cases (20%–37%), and losses were severe (25%–53%). The majority of N remaining in the soil was found in the 0- to 15-cm layer though some enrichment at lower depths was found when the N fertilizer was calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). In a comparison of urea placement methods (band, broadcast, or point placement), no significant differences in 15N uptake or yield were noted though point placement did exacerbate 15N loss. The mechanism of N loss is believed to have been ammonia volatilization. Yields were similar whether urea or CAN was used, but 15N uptake from CAN was higher. A statistical model was developed relating millet yield and N response to midseason rainfall. In drought years, no N response was found, whereas in years of good rainfall a response was found of 15 kg grain for each kilogram of N applied (at 30 kg N ha-1 rate).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010660
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of soil tillage and fertilizer use on pearl millet yields in Niger (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: millet ; Niger ; partially acidulated phosphate rock ; phosphorus placement ; phosphate rock ; tillage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Farmers in Niger generally do not plow their fields and are therefore unable to incorporate phosphate. Experiments were conducted in Niger to assess the effect of soil tillage, P source, and fertilizer placement on yields of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.). Treatments included single superphosphate (SSP) or ground Tahoua phosphate rock (PRT) incorporated into the soil during tillage or SSP surface applied after tillage. In plots which were not tilled, P sources (SSP, PRT, and PAPR-partially acidulated rock) were broadcast on the soil surface with no incorporation. In order to improve P efficiency under zero tillage, P was point placed in the soil near the plant with either broadcast or point-placed urea. Treatments in which tillage was used showed a slight though nonsignificant yield increase over untilled plots. The yield increase did not appear to be due to phosphate incorporation but rather to direct tillage effects on early plant growth. In a comparison of SSP with PRT or PAPR broadcast on soils not receiving tillage, PRT performed poorly relative to the other P sources. SSP outyielded PAPR and PRT in 1986, but in subsequent years, no significant difference was found between PAPR and SSP. Point placement of P or N near the plant did not significantly increase yields over broadcast treatments even though the millet was planted with wide 1×1 m spacing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009925
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of five soil testing methods to establish phosphorus sufficiency levels in soil fertilized with water-soluble and sparingly soluble-P sources (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 28 (1991), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Bray P1 ; Bray P2 ; Mehlich 1 ; Olsen ; water-extractable P ; phosphate rock ; partially acidulated phosphate rock ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments were conducted in Niger with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L] R. Br.) in which the crop was fertilized with phosphate rock (PR) from two deposits from Niger (Tahoua and Parc W). The PR was applied either as ground rock or as partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) and was compared to water soluble sources (TSP and SSP) in terms of millet yield response. The ability of five soil testing procedures (Bray P1, Bray P2, Mehlich 1, Olsen, and water extraction) to establish P sufficiency levels for millet was tested. The results of all soil testing methods were highly correlated amongst each other for the treatments receiving water-soluble fertilizers or PAPRs. None of the soil testing procedures which were evaluated was able to accurately measure available P when PRs were applied. Sufficiency levels were calculated for the PAPR and water-soluble fertilizers using nonlinear regression analysis and a graphic procedure for each of the P soil testing methods. The Bray P1 method appeared to be the most reliable procedure and was used to study the effect of accumulated total or total water + citrate-soluble P rates on final P availability. A single quadratic function was able to describe this effect when the P rates were expressed as water + citrate-soluble P for both PAPRs and water-soluble fertilizers independently of the P fertilizer source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054328
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus seed coating increases phosphorus uptake, early growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 35 (1993), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: emergence ; pearl millet ; P seed coating ; plant development ; P uptake ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In pot and field experiments conducted in 1990 and 1991 on an acid sandy, phosphorus (P) deficient soil in Niger, West Africa, the effect of seed coating on seedling emergence, early growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was studied. Seeds of pearl millet were coated with different rates (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 5.0; 10.0 mg P seed−1) and types of P fertilizers (single superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; monocalcium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium triphosphate). Seedling emergence was generally reduced at coating rates higher than 0.5 mg P seed−1 and prevented with single superphosphate and sodium triphosphate at rates higher than 5 mg P seed−1. No correlation was found between the pH and osmomolity of the coatings and final emergence of millet seedlings. The most favourable effect on plant growth and P content was achieved with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (AHP) as seed coating. This was attributed to the enhancement effect of ammonium on P uptake. Compared to the untreated control dry matter production at 20 days after planting (DAP) was increased by 280%, P content per plant by 330%, total biomass at maturity by 30% and grain yield by 45%. Although seed coating with AHP may be harmful to seedlings emergence, it represents a suitable method to enhance early growth and increase yield of pearl millet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750633
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