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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interlaboratory study for the quality control of trimethyl-lead determination in simulated rainwater and urban dust (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 703-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Trimethyl-lead ; interlaboratory study ; analytical performance ; quality control ; simulated rainwater ; urban dust ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An interlaboratory programme has been started within the Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) of the European Commission to evaluate the performance of analytical techniques used for the determination of trimethyl-lead in simulated rainwater and urban dust. A first interlaboratory study on solutions was successfully concluded in 1993 and a second exercise was organized, focusing on simulated rainwater and urban dust analysis. This paper reports the results of this second interlaboratory study, which is a preparatory step for a certification campaign of simulated rainwater (with representative contamination levels) and urban dust.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080722
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interlaboratory programme for the quality control of trimethyllead determination in the environment (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 9 (1995), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: trimethyllead ; interlaboratory study ; quality control ; simulated rainwater ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Determinations of the trimethyllead moiety in environmental samples are carried out by a number of laboratories in Europe. To verify the quality of such determinations, the Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) of the European Commission organised an interlaboratory exercise which allowed discussion and comparison of the different techniques used so far in lead speciation analyses. In addition, this first step enabled a study of the feasibility of the preparation of candidate reference materials (CRMs) for the determination of the trimethyllead moiety in simulated rainwater to be carried out. The solutions used in this study were carefully prepared and their homogeneity and stability verified. This paper describes the organisation and the results of the intercomparison and discusses the further development of the project.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590090113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of butyltin determination in water and sediment samples from european coastal environments (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 4 (1990), S. 353-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Butyltin compounds ; variability ; waters ; sediments ; collection ; treatment ; storage ; monitoring strategy ; contamination ; assessment ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A large amount of data has appeared in the literature within the last few years dealing with the monitoring of butyltin compounds in coastal environments. However, the strategies used strongly differed from one author to another, which led to difficulties in the comparison of contamination levels and the evaluation of long-term trends. In this paper, different causes of pitfalls due to uncontrolled sources of variability are addressed; they involve precautions to be undertaken for the monitoring of butylins in water and sediment, particularly: sample collection; sample pretreatment (filtration/centrifugation, acidification, sieving); sample storage (different methods for storage and drying procedures); variability over the same site; variations over a tidal cycle; and variability due to diffusion (e.g. due to flushing).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590040408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interlaboratory study for the improvement of tributyltin determination in harbour sediment (rm 424) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 639-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Interlaboratory study ; harbour sediment ; analytical quality control ; reference material ; tributyltin ; dibutyltin ; monobutyltin ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following two interlaboratory studies on tributyltin species (TBT) in water and TBT-spiked sediment, the EC Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) (Measurements and Testing Programme) organized in 1992 an interlaboratory study on TBT in a harbour sediment (RM 424) to investigate sources of error possibly occurring in the analysis of a complicated matrix and to attempt to certify this material. The sediment was collected in the Sado Estuary (P), then carefully prepared, and its homogeneity and stability were verified. The low TBT content encountered in this material, and the high level of interferences, created difficulties with the techniques using hydride generation, whereas better agreement was obtained for other derivatization techniques with GC/FPD and GC/MS. This paper presents the results of the interlaboratory study. The reference value for TBT in this material is 20±5 ng g-1 (as TBT cation) and the indicative values for dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) are 53±19 ng g-1 (as DBT cation) and 257±54 ng g-1 (as MBT cation), respectively. Owing to the difficulties encountered, the reference material was not certified and is considered as a research material to be used for the evaluation of the performance of analytical techniques for the determination of low TBT levels in a difficult matrix.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080714
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix effects in the determination of butyltin compounds in environmental samples by GC AA after hydride generation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7 (1993), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Butyltins ; environmental matrices ; hydride generation ; matrix effects ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experiments for the determination of mono-, di and tri-butyltin (MBT, DBT and TBT) by hydride generation/gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry in various matrices (sediment, suspended matter, mussel, algae and water) have revealed that poor butyltin recoveries are obtained in sediments displaying high sulphur and hydrocarbon contents; very poor recoveries were also observed for TBT in sediments with high chlorophyll pigment contents as well as in algal samples. It was however not clear whether the hydride generatin was inhibited by these infering compounds, as was previously assumed in the case of hydrocarbons, or whether interferences affected the atomization rate. Further studies were performed to solve this problem in order to validate this method in the case of analyses of, for example, oil-contaminated sediment and algae. This paper presents the results obtained. It is concluded here that the poor recoveries were due to an inhibition of hydride generation rather than to interference at the atomization stage.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590070210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements in methylmercury determination prior to the certification of two tuna fish materials (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7 (1993), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Methyl-mercury ; intercomparisons ; improvement ; certification ; biological materials ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An account is given of a systematic, collaborative investigation to detect problems and sources of error in the determination of methylmercury (MeHg) in biological samples. The work was done by a group of analytical laboratories under the auspices of the Community Bureau of References (BCR) of the Commission of the European Communities (EC). The paper presents the organization of three intercomparisons on organic mercury in solution and solid matrices, and the results obtained by the participants. The different analytical steps of the methods used (extraction, clean-up, separation, final detection) are compared and assessed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590070609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certified reference material (CRM 462) for the quality control of dibutyl- and tributyl-tin determinations in coastal sediment (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 629-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Certified Reference Material ; coastal sediment ; analytical quality control ; tributyltin ; dibutyltin ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Determinations of tributyltin (TBT) species, along with the degradation products mono- and dibutyltin (MBT and DBT), are routinely carried out by a number of laboratories to ascertain the level of organotin contamination of the marine enviroment, particularly in water, sediment and biota. In order to improve and control the quality of such analyses the EC Community Bureau of Reference, BCR (Measurements and Testing Programme), has organized two interlaboratory studies on TBT in water and TBT in a spiked sediment which were followed by a certification campaign for butyltins in a coastal sediment (CRM 462). This material was collected in the Arcachon Bay (France), then carefully prepared (controlled oven drying) and its homogeneity and long-term stability were verified. This paper presents the certification work performed. The certified values for TBT and DBT are 70±14 ng g-1 (as TBT cation) and 128±16 ng g-1 (as DBT cation), respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080713
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conclusions of the workshop trends in speciation analysis - an overview of discussions on organometallic speciation (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 715-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The development of analytical techniques for the determination of chemical species has been one of the growing features of the 1990s in analytical chemistry. The need for good quality control of these determinations has led the Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly the BCR) to organize series of interlaboratory studies in the field of speciation analysis over the last five years. The state-of-the-art speciation analysis has been discussed in a first workshop in 1990 (Arcachon, France) and, at this stage, it was thought necessary to discuss the progress achieved and the trends which should be developed in the near future. A workshop on Trends in Speciation Analysis was therefore held in Rome in February 1994 which allowed recommendations to be made based round-table discussions. This paper gives a summary of these recommendations in the field of organometallic speciation. Projects currently undertaken in the field of organometallic speciation within the M&T programme are also described. An outline of the programme and a list of the panel of experts participating in this workshop are given in the appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080724
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