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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased phencyclidine self-administration due to food deprivation: Interaction with concentration and training conditions (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 84 (1984), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Concentration ; Food deprivation ; Food satiation ; History ; Oral drug self-administration ; Phencyclidine ; PCP ; Training condition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six monkeys were trained to self-administer orally delivered phencyclidine (0.25 mg/ml) under a fixed-ratio 16 (FR-16) schedule. Water was concurrently available under an FR-16 schedule. During initial phencyclidine training, three monkeys were allowed free access to food (food satiation) and three were maintained at 85% of their free-feeding body weights (food deprivation). At the end of the training phase, the food-satiated monkeys were food-deprived. After behavior was stable for ten sessions, all monkeys were food-satiated and tested with a range of phencyclidine concentrations (0.0625–1 mg/ml). They were subsequently food-deprived and tested with concentrations of 0.0312–1 mg/ml, and then they were again food-satiated and tested with 0.0312 and 0.25 mg/ml. The monkeys that were trained to self-administer phencyclidine-maintained responding at lower drug concentrations when later tested while food-satiated. In contrast, monkeys that were trained while food-deprived did not respond for phencyclidine in excess of water at the lower concentrations when later tested while food-satiated. Drug-maintained performance during food deprivation did not change systematically as a function of training condition (food deprivation versus food satiation). These results illustrated a marked interaction between drug concentration and the feeding condition and this interaction was modified by training history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555202
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral self-administration of phencyclidine analogs by rhesus monkeys: Conditioned taste and visual reinforcers (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 78 (1982), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Conditioned reinforcement ; Dissociative anesthetics ; Oral drug self-administration ; PCE ; PCP ; Rhesus monkeys ; Taste ; TCP ; Visual stimuli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three monkeys self-administered orally-delivered phencyclidine, 1-(1-phencyclohexyl) piperidine (PCP), N-ethyl-1-phencyclohexylamine (PCE), and 1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (TCP) over a wide range of concentrations (0.0156, 0.0312, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/ml). Water was also available under a concurrent fixed-ratio (FR) 16 schedule. Drug deliveries were substantially higher than concurrent water deliveries at all concentrations, indicating that the three compounds functioned as effective reinforcers. Maximum liquid deliveries occurred at concentrations of 0.0625 (PCP and TCP) and 0.125 mg/ml (PCE). TCP was much shorter-acting (10–15 min) than PCP (4–6 h) based on observations of severe ataxia at high concentrations. To investigate the conditioned reinforcing effects of taste, a quinine solution (0.088 mg/ml) was substituted for PCP (0.25 mg/ml) in five monkeys. Four monkeys responded for quinine in excess of water for a range of seven to over 30 sessions, while one monkey (M-R) did not show any substantial responding for quinine. With the same five monkeys (treatment order mixed), the effect of visual stimuli was tested by substituting water for PCP while retaining the visual stimuli indicating drug availability. Four monkeys showed increased responding on the side signaling drug for only 0–4 sessions, while one monkey (M-R) showed persistent responding for water on the side with drug stimuli for 29 sessions. These results indicated that taste functioned as an effective conditioned reinforcer, while visual stimuli appeared to be less effective in the oral drug self-administration paradigm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432246
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive ratio and behavioral economic evaluation of the reinforcing efficacy of orally delivered phencyclidine and ethanol in monkeys: effects of feeding conditions (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 128 (1996), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Behavioral economics ; Break point ; Drug self-administration ; Ethanol ; Food restriction ; Food satiation ; PCP ; Phencyclidine ; Progressive ratio ; Rhesus monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of feeding conditions on the reinforcing efficacy of orally-delivered drugs was evaluated using a progressive-ratio (PR) paradigm and a behavioral economic analysis of demand. Seven monkeys self-administered phencyclidine (PCP) (0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ml) or ethanol (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32% wt/vol) and concurrent water from two drinking spouts under concurrent PR schedules. The ratios increased from 8 to 4096, and 40 liquid deliveries were available after completion of each ratio schedule. The entire range of drug concentrations was presented in nonsystematic order under two feeding conditions, food restriction and food satiation. Drug maintained responses, deliveries and break points were significantly greater than those maintained by water. Food restriction significantly increased the rate of PCP-maintained responses, deliveries and PR break points over the food satiation baseline. There was also a significant interaction between feeding condition and drug concentration. Although ethanol-maintained responses, liquid deliveries and break points consistently increased in five of seven monkeys during food restriction, only drug concentration produced significant differences in these measures. Using break point as a measure of reinforcing efficacy, food restriction increased the reinforcing efficacy of PCP and had a more pronounced effect at higher drug unit prices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050134
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acquisition of oral phencyclidine (PCP) self-administration in rhesus monkeys: effects of dose and an alternative non-drug reinforcer (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 137 (1998), S. 132-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Acquisition ; Alternative reinforcer ; Dose ; Drug self-administration ; Oral phencyclidine ; PCP ; Rhesus monkeys ; Saccharin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of drug dose and a non-drug alternative reinforcer on acquisition of oral PCP self-administration in rhesus monkeys were examined. Acquisition was studied using three groups of monkeys (seven subjects per group). One group received a low PCP dose (0.0375 mg/delivery) and the other two received a high PCP dose (0.15 mg/delivery). One of the high dose groups had concurrent access to a saccharin solution (0.03% w/v) and water during the intersession (17.5-h) period. Food non-restricted monkeys were initially given access to water under a fixed-ratio (FR) 1 schedule during daily 3-h sessions. Water was then replaced with PCP during the session. The monkeys were then reduced to 85% of their free-feeding body weights and fed before the session, and the FR value was increased from 1 to 2, 4 and 8. Subsequently, food was given post-session and water and PCP were available under concurrent FR 8 schedules. At this final step of the procedure, acquisition of PCP self-administration was considered to occur if PCP intake consistently exceeded water intake. When all three groups were given concurrent access to PCP and water, PCP intake was greater than water intake only in the group of monkeys receiving the high PCP dose. PCP intake increased when water replaced saccharin during intersession in the high PCP dose group. Within-group data revealed that 85.7% of monkeys acquired PCP reinforcement in the group given access to the high PCP dose while only 42.8% acquired in the other two groups. These data suggest that drug dose and presence of alternative non-drug reinforcers affect acquisition of drug self administration in non-human primates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050602
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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