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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time dependent interface stability during rapid solidification (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 3682-3687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The destabilization of a planar solid/liquid interface during resolidification of the molten surface layer of Si–Sn alloys is investigated. Experimental data are compared with the results of a transient numerical stability analysis. In that analysis the time evolution of an infinitesimal sinusoidal perturbation of a planar interface is investigated. For this the concentration profile in the melt as well as the temperature distributions in the melt and solid are divided into a base state and a state due to the perturbation. The highly nonuniform Sn profiles implanted in (100) silicon samples serve as initial conditions for the numerical calculations. Deviations from thermal equilibrium at the solid/liquid interface are considered. The critical concentration for breakdown is calculated as a function of solidification velocity and compared with the results of the analytical analysis of Huntley and Davis [Acta Metall. Mater. 41, 2025 (1993)]. It is further investigated whether an analytical steady-state stability analysis can be used to approximately describe the experiments considered. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371278
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pelvic insufficiency fractures associated with radiation atrophy: clinical recognition and diagnostic evaluation (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 94-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Tomography ; X-ray computed ; Fractures ; MRI ; Pelvis ; fractures ; Pelvis ; radionuclide studies ; Radiation ; injurious effects ; complications of ; Therapeutic radiology ; Tomography ; positron emission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Pelvic bone injuries are infrequent complications of radiotherapy. However, insufficiency fractures in irradiated pelvic bones may be underdetected, particularly in postmenopausal women. We describe the clinical presentation, radiologic evaluation, and course of disease in three patients with postradiation pelvic insufficiency fractures. Differential diagnosis included metastatic disease, tumor recurrence, and second malignancy. Recognition of radiographic features may prevent unnecessary, possibly morbid treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050200
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep after loading in the relaxed and contracted smooth muscle (Taenia coli of the guinea pig) under various osmotic conditions (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 362 (1976), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Creep ; Rheology ; Elasticity ; Osmotic pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Experiments to investigate the creep phenomena of the taenia coli were performed in hypotonic (207 mosm) and hypertonic (447 or 463 mosm) media, in the relaxed (Ca2+-depletion+verapamil) as well as in the contracted (K2SO4-depolarized) state. They were compared with earlier results in isotonic media. The samples were standardized with respect to their volume (weight) before the beginning of the experiment. 2. Neither in the relaxed, nor in the contracted state was there a statistically significant difference in mean total length observed within each test series after loading with 9928 dyn for 2000 s (about 33 min) in the different osmotic media. We define total length as unloaded initial lengthl o+initial pure elastic extensionl E+creep N. 3. In the contracted state the mean total lengths attained by elastic extension and creep are significantly greater than in the relaxed state in both hypotonic and isotonic media. The greater variance in the data for hypertonic solutions makes any statistical decision of this kind impossible. 4. The typical time course of creep (N) and particularly the hyperbolic dependance of N anddN/dt stated in an earlier paper could also be observed here under varied osmotic conditions. 5. The results suggest that the viscosity of the cell plasma is not significant for the time course and extent of creep in smooth muscles of vertebrates. Creep probably takes place in the solid structures of the cells: most particularly the contractile proteins may be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581178
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastic properties of vertebrate smooth muscle (Taenia coli of the guinea pig) (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 362 (1976), S. 289-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Smooth Muscle ; Plasticity ; Creep ; Stress Relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After extension and creep due to a constant load the taenia coli of the guinea pig shows plastic deformation. The deformation is partially abolished by complete unloading: to 51% in the relaxed and to 83% in the depolarized = contracted state. The quantitative relations between creep (N) and its time derivative (dN/dt) as well as those between stress relaxation (R) and dR/dt stated in our previous papers, remain valid if plastic deformations have occurred during these processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581184
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passive stress relaxation followed by active contracture in vertebrate smooth muscles (Taenia coli of the guinea pig) (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 366 (1976), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Stress relaxation ; Creep ; Elasticity ; Depolarized muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The time course of stress relaxation following stretch was investigated in the taenia coli of the guinea pig in the relaxed (Ca2+ free bath solution with D 600) and in the contracted state (depolarization by KCl or K2SO4 in excess). The mechanical tension was standardized with respect to the volume of the samples. 2. The tension obtained by a constant stretch of 2.5 mm of the 5–15 mm samples was highest after K2SO4-depolarization (K+=180 mval/l) and lowest in the relaxed muscles. Muscles contracted by KCl in excess (K+=60 mval/l) showed intermediate values. 3. The decrease of tension by stress relaxation to a nearly constant residual value is rapidly observed in contracted muscles during about 10 s. For the relaxed muscles the same changes are slower and take place in nearly 1/2 h. 4. The relations between the extent of stress relaxation (R) and its derivative in time (dR/dt) can be expressed by a hyperbolic function. Analogous behaviour was already noted in previous studies primarily on creep. 5. The different behaviour of the muscle in the different bath solutions used is discussed with respect to the mathematical relations just mentioned. 6. Long term active reactions of depolarized muscles following stretch and stress relaxation are noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585868
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress relaxation compared with relaxation after contraction in smooth muscles (1977)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 368 (1977), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Smooth Muscle ; Stress Relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time courses of relaxation after contraction and of stress relaxation were found to be different. In the first case, but not in the latter, the time curves have a sigmoid shape. Furthermore, stress relaxation is characterized by a remaining higher resting tension. The differences can be explained by different functional conditions underlying both events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063475
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep after loading in relaxed and contracted (KCl or K2SO4 depolarized) smooth muscle (taenia coli of the guinea pig) (1975)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 359 (1975), S. 111-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Smooth Muscle ; Creep ; Rheology ; Elasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The time course of creep in the taenia coli of the guinea pig was recorded during 2000 sec (33 min 20 sec) in the relaxed (Ca2+-free bath solution with verapamil) and contracted (KCl or K2SO4 depolarized) states. 2. The variations in initial length before loading (l O), immediate elastic extension after loading (l E), and creep (N) were standardized with respect to volume (cm/cm3) and compared among the different states. 3. Immediate elastic extension (l E )and particularly creep after 2000 sec (N 2000) are minimal in the relaxed and maximal in the K2SO4-contracted state. The values in the KCl-contracted state are probably affected by intracellular swelling. Statistically, there is a significant difference between the overall length (l O+l E +N 2000) in the relaxed and in the K2SO4-contracted state when creep ends. 4. The hyperbolic relation ofN todN/dt representing the time course of creep mentioned in an earlier paper is reconfirmed for the relaxed as well as for the contracted state. 5. The parameters of the equation giving this relation are calculated from the experimental data. They characterize elastic properties and inner friction during creep. It is shown that the parameters of inner friction diminish more than those characterizing the elastic properties if the preparation is changed from the relaxed into the contracted state by K2SO4-depolarization. 6. In the discussion further evidence is given that not only changes in the diameter of the preparation but also changes of the intracellular elements must be responsible for the altered time course of creep during contraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581281
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Aktionsströme der glatten Muskulatur der Hohlorgane und ihre Beziehung zur Erregungsbildung und Erregungsleitung (1955)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 33 (1955), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus den vonBozler und späteren Untersuchern zusammengestellten Angaben über die bioelektrischen Phänomene glatter Muskeln von Hohlorganen bei Säugern (mit Ausnahme der bisher noch nicht untersuchten Gefäßmuskulatur) ergeben sich folgende Tatsachen: 1. Membranpotentiale in Ruhe und Erregung zeigen gegenüber denen von quergestreiften Muskeln nur graduelle, aber keine prinzipiellen Unterschiede. Ruhemembranpotentiale in der gleichen Größenordnung wie am Herz- und Skeletmuskel konnten gemessen werden. Als Anzeichen auch unter physiologischen Bedingungen vorkommender länger anhaltender Kontrakturzustände wurden stationäre Erniedrigungen des Membranpotentials und sogar Vorzeichenumkehr desselben beobachtet. 2. Als typische Formen der Aktionsströmefortgeleiteter Erregungen werden Spitzenpotentiale von etwa 10–40 msec Dauer und niederfrequente Potentialveränderungen hauptsächlich in Form des von monophysischen EKG her bekannten Plateaus, die die erwähnten Spitzenpotentiale unterlaufen, beobachtet. 3. Ursprünge von Erregungen sind vielfach in schwachen lokalen Potentialveränderungen, oft oscillierender Art, zu suchen. 4. Die Muskeln der erwähnten Hohlorgane stellen syncytiale Verbände dar, innerhalb deren sich die Erregung durch muskuläre Leitung ausbreitet. Nur für kompliziertere Formen der Erregung, wie z. B. des peristaltischen Reflex des Darmes ist bisher nervöse Beteiligung in der Ausbreitung der Erregung nachgewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01467547
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Beeinflussung der O2-Diffusion im Gewebe durch Ca- und K-Salze (1963)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 50 (1963), S. 377-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600752
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur HÄmodynamik der kleineren und kleinsten Arterien (1939)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 242 (1939), S. 617-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Befunde vonHauck, da\ die Pulswellengeschwindigkeit (PWG.) in den kleineren Arterien der Hand gegenüber der PWG. in den Armarterien im Ruhezustand herabgesetzt ist, werden durch eigene Untersuchungen bestÄtigt. 2. Aus der Form des Fingerkuppenplethysmogramms im Vergleich mit der Radialispulskurve wird auf Grund theoretischer überlegungen der Schlu\ gezogen, da\ die PWG. im Gebiet der kleinsten Arterien und der Arteriolen noch weiter sinkt. 3. Es wird gemÄ\ denFrankschen Entwicklungen auf die Bedeutung der Reibung aufmerksam gemacht, die neben dem ElastizitÄtsmodul einen ma\geblichen Einflu\ auf die PWG. im Gebiet der kleinen Arterien und Arteriolen ausübt. 4. Die Problematik des Begriffs eines „peripheren Windkessels“ wird diskutiert. 5. Analog dem Vorgehen vonWezler wird versucht, aus der Änderung der PWG. in den Handarterien und in der Aorta unter der Einwirkung verschiedener blutdruckwirksamer Reize (Erstickung, Einatmung von Amylnitrit, Adrenalin- und Sympatolinjektionen) einen Schlu\ auf die VerÄnderungen des Kontraktionszustandes der glatten Muskulatur der Handarterien zu ziehen. Die Schwierigkeiten, die sich der Anwendung des Verfahrens vonWezler im Gebiet der kleineren Arterien entgegenstellen, werden theoretisch erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01752868
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