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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helix-sense-selective polymerization of phenyl[bis(2-pyridyl)]methyl methacrylate and chiral recognition ability of the polymer (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2721-2728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phenyl[bis(2-pyridyl)]methyl methacrylate ; optically active polymer ; solvolysis ; chiral stationary phase ; anionic polymerization ; (S)-(+)-1-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine ; optical resolution ; high performance liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel monomer, phenyl[bis(2-pyridyl)]methyl methacrylate (PB2PyMA), was synthesized. The solvolysis rate of PB2PyMA measured in CDCl3-CD3 OD [1/1 (v/v)] by 1H-NMR spectroscopy at 35°C was much smaller than those of triphenylmethyl methacrylate (TrMA) and diphenyl-2-pyridylmethyl methacrylate (D2PyMA). PB2PyMA was anionically polymerized with the complexes of organolithiums with (-)-sparteine (Sp), (S,S)-(+)-and (R,R)-(-)-2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-bis(dimethylamino)butanes[(+)-and (-) -DDB], and (S)-(+)-1-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl) pyrrolidine (PMP) in toluene at low temperature. The polymers obtained with Sp and DDB complexes showed low optical activity. PMP complexes, particularly that with N,N′-diphenylethylenediamine monolithium amide, were effective in synthesizing a polymer of high optical rotation ([α]25365 ∼ +1350°) which was comparable to those of poly(TrMA) and poly(D2PyMA) with one-handed helical structure. The optical rotation of poly(PB2PyMA) in a mixture of CHCl3 and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (9/1, v/v) slowly decreased with time. Optically active poly(PB2PyMA) coated on macroporous silica gel was able to resolve racemic compounds as a chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080311107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dichloro-, dimethyl-, and chloromethylphenylcarbamate derivatives of cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 8 (1996), S. 402-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantioseparation ; HPLC ; cyclodextrin ; phenylcarbamate ; chiral stationary phase ; optical resolution ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New dichloro-, dimethyl-, and chloromethylphenylcarbamate derivatives of cyclodextrins (CDs) were prepared and their enantiomeric recognition abilities were evaluated as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of the type of cyclodextrins, the nature and position of the substituents on the phenyl ring, binding mode and spacer on the chiral recognition were studied in detail. No marked change of chiral recognition abilities was established by reversing the binding side of CDs (i.e., by the narrower [primary] opening of the cone-shaped CD to silica gel with the wider [secondary] opening sides). This result indirectly proves the previously drawn conclusion about the minor role of inclusion phenomena in chiral recognition in this case. Nevertheless, chiral recognition of these CSPs toward some compounds critically depends on the type of CDs used. All CD derivatives described in this study show rather low enantiomeric resolving abilities compared with corresponding polysaccharide (cellulose and amylose) derivatives, although very high enantioselectivity of separation was observed for a few compounds, such as racemic flavanone and cyclopropanedicarboxilic acid dianilide. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of enantiomers by HPLC on tris(4-alkoxyphenylcarbamate)s of cellulose and amylose (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 616-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: cellulose tris(4-isopropoxyphenylcarbamate) ; cellulose tris(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenylcarbamate) ; amylose tris(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenylcarbamate) ; optical resolution ; HPLC ; chiral stationary phase ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ten phenylcarbamate derivatives of cellulose and amylose having alkoxy groups such as ethoxy, isopropoxy, and isobutoxy at 4-position, and methyl groups at 3- and 5-positions and methoxy group at 4-position were synthesized and their chiral recognition abilities as stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography were investigated and compared to those with tris(4-methoxyphenylcarbamate)s of cellulose and amylose. In 4-alkoxy derivatives of cellulose, chiral recognition ability increased as the bulkiness of 4-alkoxy groups increased. 4-Isopropoxy and 4-isobutoxy derivatives showed high chiral recognition. On the other hand, chiral discrimination of amylose 4-alkoxy derivatives scarcely depended on the bulkiness of the alkoxy group, and 4-methoxy and 4-isopropoxy derivatives showed high chiral recognition. 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxyphenylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose possessed higher chiral recognition ability than the corresponding 4-methoxy derivatives. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050809
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct chromatographic separation of 2-arylpropionic acid enantiomers using tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)s of cellulose and amylose as chiral stationary phases (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 1 (1989), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: optical resolution ; HPLC ; chromatography ; antiinflammatory drug ; ibuprofen ; ketoprofen ; flurbiprofen ; tiaprofenic acid ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct optical resolution of antiinflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, and tiaprofenic acid were attempted by high-performance liquid chromatography using tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)s of cellulose and amylose as chiral stationary phases. Although ibuprofen was not sufficiently resolved, the other three 2-arylpropionic acids were completely resolved by amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). Ibuprofen was resolved as anilide derivative.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530010310
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(β-Amino acids). V. Synthesis and conformation of oligomeric α-isobutyl-L-aspartate (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1911-1921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Isobutyl-L-aspartate oligomers, Z-(α-i-Bu-Asp)2n-OEt (n = 1-5), where Z = benzyloxycarbonyl and OEt = ethyl ester, were prepared stepwise, and their conformation in solution was investigated by optical rotation, circular dichroism (CD), and NMR spectroscopy. The oligomers up to hexamer existed only in a disordered form. An ordered structure began to appear at octamer and decamer in chloroform and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. The ordered structure was more favorable for N-unprotected oligomers, H-(α-i-Bu-Asp)2n-OEt, in comparison with the corresponding Z-(α-i-Bu-Asp)2n-OEt. The effects of oligomer concentration and temperature on the structure were slightly observed. The most likely ordered structure was a β form caused by intramolecular association.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170703
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anionic copolymerization of optically active α-methylbenzyl methacrylate and trityl methacrylate. I. Reactivity of monomers (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 2917-2928 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The monomer reactivity ratios were determined in the anionic copolymerization of (S)- or (RS)-α-methylbenzyl methacrylate (MBMA) and trityl methacrylate (TrMA) with butyllithium at -78°C, and the stereoregularity of the yielded copolymer was investigated. In the copolymerization of (S)-MBMA (M1) and TrMA (M2) in toluene the monomer reactivity ratios were r1 = 8.55 and r2 = 0.005. On the other hand, those in the copolymerization of (RS)-MBMA with TrMA were r1 = 4.30 and r2 = 0.03. The copolymer of (S)-MBMA and TrMA prepared in toluene was a mixture of two types of copolymer: one consisted mainly of the (S)-MBMA unit and was highly isotactic and the other contained both monomers copiously. The same monomer reactivity ratios, r1 = 0.39 and r2 = 0.33, were obtained in the copolymerizations of the (S)-MBMA-TrMA and (RS)-MBMA-TrMA systems in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The microstructures of poly[(S)-MBMA-co-TrMA] and poly-[(RS)-MBMA-co-TrMA] produced in THF were similar where the isotacticity increased with an increase in the content of the TrMA unit.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170927
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anionic polymerization and copolymerization of S-methyl thiomethacrylate (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 3705-3712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: S-Methyl thiomethacrylate (methyl thiolmethacrylate, MTMA) was polymerized with a variety of anionic initiators such as n-BuLi, octylpotassium, PhMgBr, and Et2AlNPh2 in toluene and THF. Stereoregularity of the polymer (PMTMA) was determined from the 1H-NMR spectrum of poly(methyl methacrylate), which had been derived from PMTMA, because the α-methyl resonance in the 1H-NMR spectrum of PMTMA was not satisfactorily solved owing to the overlap of pentad signals. The 13C-NMR spectrum of PMTMA also showed the splitting due to pentad sequences. Stereoregularity of PMTMA was always low compared with that of poly(methyl methacrylate), which was prepared under the same reaction conditions. MTMA was much more reactive than methyl methacrylate and methacrylonitrile in the copolymerization with n-BuLi in toluene and in THF at -78°C. The lower stereoregulation of the polymerization of MTMA and the higher reactivity of MTMA were mainly ascribed to the higher resonance effect of MTMA.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170171126
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric selective polymerization of racemic 1,2-diphenylethyl methacrylate with the ethylmagnesium bromide-(-)-sparteine complex (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1831-1837 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Asymmetric selective (or stereoelective) polymerization of racemic 1,2-diphenylethyl methacrylate (DPEMA) with ethylmagnesium bromide (EtMgBr)-(-)-sparteine catalyst was studied in toluene at -78°C. In the polymerization (S) enantiomer was consumed preferentially and the enantiomeric excess of initially polymerized (S) enantiomer was consumed preferentially and the enantiomeric excess of initially polymerized DPEMA was greater than 90%. Optically pure (R) monomer was recovered at about 70% polymer yield. Poly(DPEMA) obtained with EtMgBr-(-)-sparteine complex was highly isotactic. It was found in the polymerization of optically active DPEMA that optical rotation of poly(DPEMA) was dependent on the tacticity and that isotactic and syndiotactic poly(DPEMA)s showed opposite optical rotations. Circular dichroism spectra of the optically active polymers were measured.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220805
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric polymerization of triphenylmethyl methacrylate by optically active anionic catalysts (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 3043-3051 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Triphenylmethyl methacrylate (TrMA) was polymerized with two types of asymmetric anionic catalyst, lithium (R)-N-(1-phenylethyl)anilide (LiAn) and (-)-sparteine-butyllithium complex (Sp-BuLi), at -78°C. Both catalysts yielded optically active polymers. The polymers obtained with LiAn in toluene and tetrahydrofuran (THF) showed specific rotations [α]20D of from -50° to -90° (in THF). The [α]20D of the polymer obtained with Sp-BuLi in toluene was positive and increased with polymer yield reaching above +300°s, whereas the polymer obtained in THF showed a low [α]20D (ca. +7°). Gel permeation chromatograms of both polymers obtained with LiAn and Sp-BuLi in THF exhibited rather narrow molecular weight distributions, whereas those obtained in toluene showed at least two or three components with markedly different molecular weights. The circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of the polymer obtained with Sp-BuLi showed strong positive peaks at 208 and 232 nm and a weak band at 250-280 nm; the polymer produced with LiAn showed a similar spectrum with opposite sign. The poly(methyl methacrylate)s derived from these poly(TrMA)s were highly isotactic but showed negligible rotations ([α]20D ± 2° in toluene). The polymer of high molecular weight showed clear polarization under a polarizing microscope and the low polymer obtained with LiAn appeared to show flow birefringence in chloroform at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170181013
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric selective polymerization of racemic methacrylates with the cyclohexylmagnesium bromide-(-)-sparteine system (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1385-1395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Asymmetric selective (or stereoelective) polymerization of various racemic methacrylates with cyclohexylmagnesium bromide (c-HexMgBr)-(-)sparteine (1/1.2) catalyst was studied in toluene at -78°C. The methacrylates of α-ethylbenzyl (EBMA), α-isopropylbenzyl (i-PBMA), α-tert-butylbenzyl (t-BBMA), sec-butyl (s-BuMA), 1-methylallyl (1-MAMA), 2,3-epoxypropyl (2,3-EPMA), 2-phenylpropyl (2-PPMA), and menthyl (MentMA) alcohols were used as racemic monomers. In the polymerization of EBMA and i-PBMA (S) enantiomers were consumed preferentially and the optical purity of initially polymerized i-PBMA was as high as 97%. Optically pure (R) monomers were recovered at about 60% conversion for i-PBMA and 80% for EBMA. In t-BBMA, however, the (R) monomer was consumed preferentially over the (S) isomer. In the polymerization of s-BuMA and 1-MAMA (S) monomers were consumed in excess and the optical purity of the polymers formed in the early stage was about 30%. In 2,3-EPMA and 2-PPMA, which have asymmetric centers at the β position from the ester oxygen, (R) antipodes were more reactive. MentMA did not polymerize at -78°C. Enantiomer selectivity ratios rS and rR were determined in the polymerization of EBMA, i-PBMA, and 1-MAMA. All polymers except poly(t-BBMA) were highly isotactic, but the tacticity of poly(t-BBMA) could not be estimated. Circular dichroism spectra of optically active polymers of α-substituted benzyl esters were measured.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190611
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