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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schizophrene Psychosen und Kliniksuizid Risikofaktoren, psychopharmakologische Behandlung (2000)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 906-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychopharmakologie ; Suizid ; Schizophrenie ; Risikofaktoren ; Psychopathologie ; Keywords Psychopharmacology ; Suicide ; Schizophrenia ; Risk facotrs ; Psychopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract For all 5.352 patients treated for schizophrenia at the Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Munich in 1981 and 1992, detailed routine and data processing-assisted documentations were made of the psychopharmacological therapies. Nineteen of the patients committed suicide while undergoing inpatient treatment; the control group consisted of all other patients (n=5.333). More than 77 sociodemographic and anamnestic variables as well as 195 items from the admission summaries were taken into account while comparing the groups. Furthermore, the pharmacological data were classified according to drug groups and comparison was based on the mean frequency of prescription of each group. We analyzed the mean number of prescriptions for neuroleptics, tranquilizers, and antidepressants, which were further differentiated into sedating and nonsedating types. For frequently administered drugs, mean daily doses were also compared. Bivariate analysis of the data suggests that the suicide cases presented depressive signs, symptoms, and tendencies already present on admission more frequently than with controls; the same applies to previously attempted suicides. Discriminating analysis showed that the variables “feeling of loss of feelings,“ thought insertion,”“visible depression,”“free-floating anxiety,”“suicidal tendencies,” and “previously attempted suicide” have the greatest predictive value with respect to suicide, in descending order. No differences in psychopharmacological treatment between suicides and controls were found, apart from a significantly higher percentage of antidepressive treatments and a higher mean number of antidepressant prescriptions for the suicides.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei allen 5.352 im Zeitraum 1981–1992 in der Psychiatrischen Klinik der Universität München stationär aufgenommenen schizophrenen Patienten wurde systematisch sowohl eine Routinedokumentation mit dem AMDP-System als auch eine computergestützte Dokumentation der pharmakologischen Behandlung durchgeführt. 19 dieser Patienten suizidierten sich während des stationären Aufenthaltes, wobei die Kontrollgruppe aus allen übrigen Patienten gebildet wurde (n=5.333). In den Gruppenvergleich gingen alle soziodemographischen und krankheitsanamnestischen Variablen sowie alle Items des AMDP-Aufnahmebefundes ein. Ferner wurden die pharmakologischen Daten nach Medikamentengruppen zusammengefasst und hinsichtlich der Verordnungshäufigkeiten der jeweiligen Pharmakagruppen verglichen. Die bivariate Auswertung zeigte neben häufigeren Suizidversuchen in der Vorgeschichte ein bei den säteren Suizidenten bereits bei Aufnahme häufiger vorliegendes depressiv-suizidales Syndrom, wobei diskriminanzanalytisch in absteigender Reihenfolge die Variablen “Gefühl der Gefühllosigkeit”, “Gedankeneingebung”, “beobachtete Depression”, “frei flottierende Angst”, “Suizidalität” und “Suizidversuch in der Vorgeschichte” die größte prädiktive Kraft in Richtung Suizid entfalteten. Mit Ausnahme einer signifikanten Erhöhung sowohl des prozentualen Anteils der antidepressiv behandelten Patienten als auch der mittleren Anzahl der Antidepressivaverordnungen in der Suizidgruppe fanden sich keine Anhaltspunkte für eine zwischen den beiden Gruppen wesentlich differierende psychopharmakologische Behandlung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050682
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk factors for suicides of inpatients with depressive psychoses (1998)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 248 (1998), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Affective psychoses ; Depression ; Psychopathology ; Risk factors ; Suicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Research on identifying the relevant risk factors for suicides is faced with a multitude of methodological problems. The present study attempts to improve on some of these problems and to isolate those risk factors that are accessible in the early stages of the treatment of inpatients. A total of 3792 inpatients with monopolar or bipolar depression were treated during the period 1981–1992. Suicides (n = 33) and controls (n = 3759) were compared with respect to 77 sociodemographic and anamnestic variables and 195 standardised items of the admission summary. In addition to an analysis of contingency tables a discriminant analysis was performed. The suicide rate of patients with depressive psychosis was 2.7 times higher than the average rate of 0.324% for the entire clinic. Suicidal tendencies on admission proved to be the best predictor with a frequency of 91% in the suicide group and 40% in the control group, previous attempted suicide being the second best predictor. We conclude that the rate of inpatient suicide may have been underestimated for methodological reasons in the past decades. Many of the risk factors discussed in the literature may be of little predictive value at least in the initial stages of hospital treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004060050031
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Zylinderrührreaktor - ein neuer Flokkulationsreaktor hoher Leistungsdichte für die WasseraufbereitungVortrag von M. Reiter auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 28. bis 30. Sept. 1983 in Nürnberg. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 56 (1984), S. 332-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Zylinderrührer ; Flockung ; Energieeintrag ; Trübstoffreduzierung ; Sedimentation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330560421
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New entries in the XPS fingerprint database for the characterization of precipitated Cu—Zn—Al oxide catalysts (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 591-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Detailed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic data for Cu and Zn observed with well defined reagent grade malachite, precipitated (Zn, Al)-hydrotalcite and precipitated (Cu, Zn, Al)-hydrotalcite samples are presented. These data are compared with the respective results observed with CuO and ZnO. Moreover, literature XPS data characteristic of precipitated malachite, CuCO3 and Cu(OH)2 are used for comparison. Relevant copper and zinc data are presented as ‘chemical maps’. Certain results illustrate the analytical potential of a detailed analysis of the Cu2+ 2p satellite parameters which are known to be co-ordination-sensitive. The bulk co-ordinations of Cu2+ and Zn2+ species in malachite, hydrotalcite, CuO and ZnO are briefly reviewed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401901110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curve fitting of Cr 2p photoelectron spectra of Cr2O3 and CrF3 (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 887-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chromium (III) 2p photoelectron spectra show strong satellites on the high-binding-energy side of the main photoelectron peaks. In the case of Cr 2p spectra, the satellite of the Cr 2p3/2 peak strongly overlaps the Cr 2p1/2 peak. As a result, a virtual three-peak spectrum is obtained. In order to analyse the spectral features of the Cr 2p photoelectron peaks, we propose a fitting formalism for Cr(III) 2p spectra that is consistent with a relaxation model. This model allows for the possibility of two different final-state screening conditions of the photoinduced core hole. Considering these two final states, Cr 2p spectra basically can be interpreted by a superposition of two 2p doublets. X-ray contributions arising from the Kα3,4 lines were also taken into account, as well as the existence of OH groups on the surface of Cr2O3 samples. Additionally, a rather pragmatic approach for fitting the Cr L3M23V Auger spectral region was used to obtain further spectral parameters (e.g. α′) that do not depend on charging.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740231306
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS-investigation of titanium modified MFI-type zeolites (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 403-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The chemical bonding of titanium in MFI-type zeolites (Ti-silicalite) has been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Different titanium silicalites as well as pure titania (anatase) have been analysed. We have found a distinctively higher binding energy of the Ti 2p photoelectrons in Ti-silicalite than in titania- or anatase-containing silicalite. Ti has the same oxidation state in all solids under study. We attribute the difference in binding energy to different oxygen coordinations of the titanium in the framework of Ti-silicalite (tetrahedral) and anatase (octahedral). This suggestion is supported by XPS-studies of TiO2—SiO2 glasses and TiO2—SiO2 mixed oxides where a similar shift was found. Additional Raman-spectroscopy investigations of the samples indicate the existence of tetrahedrally coordinated titanium by the appearance of a characteristic band at ∼ 965 cm-1. Non-framework TiO2 species containing octahedrally coordinated titanium could also be distinguished by XPS. Further Ti incorporation is indicated by the expansion of the unit cell which is related to the Ti 2p intensity for the framework titanium.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220187
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amphotere ionenaustauscherharze (teil III)Teil I vgl. Makromolekulare Chem. 55 (1962) 51, Teil II ibid. 59 (1963) 106. (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 82 (1965), S. 146-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2,4,6-Tris (1-aziridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine and ββ′-di(1-aziridinyl)-1,4-diethylbenzene were copolymerized with 2-(1-aziridinyl)butyric acid methylester and 1-aziridinesuccinic acid diethyl ester respectively, also 2,4,6-tris(1-aziridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1-aziridineacetic acid ethyl ester, 2-(1-aziridinyl)propionic acid methyl ester and -ethylphosphonic acid diethyl ester respectively. By saponification of the ester groups of the copolymers amphoteric ion exchange resins were obtained. The properties of the amphoteric resins, in particular their binding ability and the rate of uptake for Mg2+-, Zn2+-, and Cu2+-ions were investigated in dependence on the pH. By synthesizing the ββ′-di(1-aziridinyl)-1,4-diethylbenzene the 4-(1-aziridinyl)ethylstyrene was obtained.
    Notes: Amphotere Ionenaustauscher mit den Eigenschaften polymerer Komplexbildner wurden durch Copolymerisation von 2,4,6-Tris-[äthylenimino]-1,3,5-triazin oder von 1,4-Bis[β-äthyleniminoäthyl]-benzol mit β-Äthyleniminobuttersäuremethylester und Äthyleniminobernsteinsäurediäthylester, durch Copolymerisation von 2,4,6-Tris-[äthylenimino]-1,3,5-triazin mit Äthyleniminoessigsäureäthylester, β-Äthyleniminopropionsäuremethylester und -äthylphosphonsäurediäthylester und anschließende alkalische Verseifung der Estergruppen erhalten. Die Austauscher wurden charakterisiert. Insbesondere wurde das Bindungsvermögen und die Aufnahmegschwindigkeit der Harze für Mg2+-, Zn2+- und Cu2+-Ionen in Abhängigkeit vom pH-Wert untersucht. Bei der Darstellung von 1,4-Bis-[β-äthyleniminoäthyl]-benzol wurde als Nebenprodukt das 4-(β-Äthyleniminoäthyl)-styrol erhalten.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1965.020820113
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