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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of event-related P300 subcomponents in the clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with reliable and noninvasive methods is of great importance for clinical practice as effective and specific antidementive therapies become available. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of event-related P300 in the early diagnosis of AD. Thirty patients with AD, 26 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from our Memory Clinic and 26 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were studied with event-related P300 potentials. Amplitudes of temporo-basal dipoles (TB-P300) were significantly diminished in AD compared to HC and MCI. Furthermore, latencies of temporo-superior dipoles (TS-P300) were significantly prolonged in AD compared with HC. Sensitivity was 90.0% for the differentiation of patients with AD from HC (specificity 79.1%) using reduced TB-P300 amplitudes and prolonged TS-P300 latencies. Similar results were found using Pz amplitudes as well as Fz latencies. Our data suggest that TB-P300 amplitudes and TS-P300 latencies may be an accurate clinically available, nonexpensive, noninvasive, and reliable marker for AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3920175
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pemphigus chronicus benignus familiaris (Morbus Hailey-Hailey) und bipolare affektive Erkrankung bei drei Mitgliedern einer Familie (1994)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 45 (1994), S. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Morbus Hailey-Hailey – Humangenetik – Kopplungsanalyse – Bipolare affektive Erkrankung ; Key words: Hailey-Hailey disease – Human genetics – Linkage studies – Bipolar affective disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary. We report on three family members suffering from both autosomal dominant Hailey-Hailey disease and bipolar affective disorder. As molecular biology techniques have made the localization of genes causing simple Mendelian traits possible as a routine task, the gene for Hailey-Hailey disease will presumably be localized in the foreseeable future. The Hailey-Hailey gene and its chromosomal surrounding will then be a region of interest for linkage studies in bipolar affective disorder.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine Kosegregation von Morbus Hailey-Hailey (MHH) und bipolarer affektiver Erkrankung bei drei Mitgliedern einer Familie. Mit dem Fortschritt molekularbiologischer Techniken ist die Genlokalisation bei Erkrankungen mit einfachem Vererbungsmuster, wie dem autosomal-dominant vererbten MHH, eine Frage der Zeit. Die chromosomale Region des MHH-Gens wird dann auch Kandidatenregion für Kopplungsanalysen bei affektiven Erkrankungen sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050075
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo effects of olanzapine on striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding in schizophrenic patients: an iodine-123 iodobenzamide single-photon emission tomography study (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 26 (1999), S. 862-868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Iodine-123 iodobenzamide ; Single-photon emission tomography ; Schizophrenia ; Olanzapine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Olanzapine is a new atypical antipsychotic agent that belongs to the same chemical class as clozapine. The pharmacological efficacy of olanzapine (in contrast to that of risperidone) has been shown to be comparable to that of clozapine, but olanzapine has the advantage of producing a less pronounced bone marrow depressing effect than clozapine. The specific aims of this study were (a) to assess dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in patients treated with olanzapine by means of iodine-123 iodobenzamide [123I]IBZM single-photon emission tomography (SPET), (b) to compare the results with findings of [123I]IBZM SPET in patients under treatment with risperidone and (c) to correlate the results with the occurrance of extrapyramidal side-effects (EPMS). Brain SPET scans were performed in 20 schizophrenic patients (DSM III R) at 2 h after i.v. administration of 185 MBq [123I]IBZM. Images were acquired using a triple-head gamma camera (Picker Prism 3000 XP). For semiquantitative evaluation of D2/D3 receptor binding, transverse slices corrected for attenuation were used to calculate specific uptake values [STR–BKG]/BKG (STR=striatum; BKG=background). The mean daily dose of olanzapine ranged from 0.05 to 0.6 mg/kg body weight. The dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding was reduced in all patients treated with olanzapine. Specific IBZM binding [STR–BKG]/BKG ranged from 0.13 to 0.61 (normal controls 〉0.95). The decreased D2/D3 receptor availability revealed an exponential dose-response relationship (r=–0.85, P〈0.001). The slope of the curve was similar to that of risperidone and considerably higher than that of clozapine as compared with the results of a previously published study. EPMS were observed in only one patient, presenting with the lowest D2/D3 availability. The frequency of EPMS induced by olanzapine (5%) was considerably lower than the frequency under risperidone treatment (40%). Our findings suggest an exponential relationship between the daily dose of olanzapine striatal and decreased D2/D3 striatal binding availability. The results are consistent with the findings of in vitro experiments reporting a higher D2/D3 receptor affinity and a similar 5HT2 receptor affinity of olanzapine as compared with clozapine. Thus, the decreased tendency to induce EPMS at therapeutic doses is not due to the limited occupancy of striatal D2/D3 receptors in vivo. Patients are protected from EPMS by other intrinsic effects of the drug, i.e. the combination of both D2/D3 and 5HT2 receptor antagonism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050460
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suicide risk scales: Do they help to predict suicidal behaviour? (1985)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 235 (1985), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Suicidal behaviour ; Prediction ; Suicide risk scales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen rating scales for the estimation of suicide risks are reviewed. The report focuses on methods of scale development and validation. Problems of predictive accuracy, and ways of improving the prediction of suicidal behaviour are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380986
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The serotonin syndrome scale: first results on validity (1998)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 248 (1998), S. 96-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin syndrome ; Paroxetine ; Plasma levels ; SSRI ; Auditory evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract As a modification of the diagnostic criteria of the serotonin syndrome proposed by Sternbach, we developed the Serotonin syndrome scale for the operationalized assessment of both the presence and the severity of the core symptoms of the serotonin syndrome. In a first study on the validity of this scale, the relationships between the serotonin syndrome score (SSS) and both the paroxetine plasma levels (n = 42) and the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP; n = 24) were investigated in depressed patients treated with paroxetine. A strong LDAEP is supposed to indicate low central serotonergic neurotransmission, and vice versa. The SSS was positively related to paroxetine plasma levels and negatively to the LDAEP. Both results support the validity of the serotonin syndrome scale. Using a SSS 〉 6 as diagnostic criterion, mild serotonin syndromes were diagnosed in 5 of our 42 patients. The Serotonin syndrome scale may become a useful tool for clinicians and scientists dealing with the serotonin syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004060050024
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk factors for suicides of inpatients with depressive psychoses (1998)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 248 (1998), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Affective psychoses ; Depression ; Psychopathology ; Risk factors ; Suicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Research on identifying the relevant risk factors for suicides is faced with a multitude of methodological problems. The present study attempts to improve on some of these problems and to isolate those risk factors that are accessible in the early stages of the treatment of inpatients. A total of 3792 inpatients with monopolar or bipolar depression were treated during the period 1981–1992. Suicides (n = 33) and controls (n = 3759) were compared with respect to 77 sociodemographic and anamnestic variables and 195 standardised items of the admission summary. In addition to an analysis of contingency tables a discriminant analysis was performed. The suicide rate of patients with depressive psychosis was 2.7 times higher than the average rate of 0.324% for the entire clinic. Suicidal tendencies on admission proved to be the best predictor with a frequency of 91% in the suicide group and 40% in the control group, previous attempted suicide being the second best predictor. We conclude that the rate of inpatient suicide may have been underestimated for methodological reasons in the past decades. Many of the risk factors discussed in the literature may be of little predictive value at least in the initial stages of hospital treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004060050031
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antidepressant-associated maniform states in acute treatment of patients with bipolar-I depression (1998)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 248 (1998), S. 296-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Bipolar-I depression ; Switch ; Antidepressants ; Mood stabiliser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medical records of 158 patients with bipolar depression were analysed for the incidence of a switch from depression to maniform states (mania and hypomania). Relation to psychopharmacological treatment was investigated. Thirty-nine (25%) patients of the total sample had switched to a maniform state during the treatment period in the hospital. Among that group the phenomenon occurred in 23 patients (15%) as a hypomania and in 16 patients (10%) as a mania. Patients with a switch were significantly more often treated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) than patients without switch (79.5% vs 51.3%). Mood stabilising medication might reduce the risk for switching, especially in patients treated with TCA; however, it seems not totally sufficient, since 59% of the switched patients received mood stabilisers. The switch phenomenon was not associated with sociodemographic or clinical data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004060050053
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypical neuroleptics: a new approach in the treatment of negative symptoms (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 249 (1999), S. S99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Atypical neuroleptics ; Novel ; antipsychotics ; Negative symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The results of controlled studies on the efficacy of novel/atypical neuroleptics in negative symptoms are presented. The data show that these drugs are more favorable in the treatment of negative symptoms in acute schizophrenic patients than the classical neuroleptics such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine. Apparently, the greater efficacy in negative symptoms can only partially be explained by indirect effects via better extrapyramidal tolerability, better effects on productive psychotic symptoms etc., and is to a certain degree due to a direct effect of the atypical neuroleptic on negative symptoms. This view is confirmed by results from one trial studying the efficacy of an atypical neuroleptic in patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia with stable, predominant negative symptoms. Parallel to the evaluation of the novel/atypical neuroleptics in negative symptoms, great progress in the methodology of clinical trials in this field has been made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014191
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A path-analytical approach to differentiate between direct and indirect drug effects on negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 245 (1995), S. 45-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Neuroleptics ; Negative symptoms ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis that differences in drug effects of risperidone and haloperidol on negative symptoms in schizophrenia are secondary to effects on positive, extrapyramidal, and depressive symptoms was investigated by means of an analysis of the data from the USA-Canada risperidone double-blind randomized clinical trial of 523 chronic schizophrenic patients. Regression analyses in the total sample and within treatment groups confirmed a strong relationship between changes in negative symptoms and the other variables studied (R2=0.50−0.51,p〈0.001). Only depressive symptoms did not contribute significantly to these results (p〉0.10). Path analysis showed that the greater mean change (p〈0.05) of negative symptoms with risperidone compared to haloperidol could not be fully explained by correlations with favourable effects on positive and extrapyramidal symptoms. The relationship between shift in extrapyramidal symptoms and shift in negative symptoms failed to reach statistical significance; however, there was a clear tendency in the expected direction in both treatment groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191543
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a seasonal form of recurrent brief depression (RBD-seasonal) (1994)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 244 (1994), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Recurrent brief depression ; Seasonal affective disorder ; Major depressive disorder ; Light therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have established a relationship between recurrent brief depression (RBD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in a cohort of 42 outpatients who presented themselves at a clinic for seasonal affective disorder at the Psychiatry Department of the University of Bonn, Germany. Our preliminary data indicate that 31% of the patients who were diagnosed as suffering from either SAD or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) can also be categorized as RBD (RBD-seasonal) for a 1-year observation period. During the time span of 1 year, RBD-seasonal patients had a mean number of 20±9 episodes, which were accentuated in fall/winter, outnumbering the ones in spring/ summer significantly (P〈0.001). The mean duration of each episode was 4.6±2.6 days in the RBD-seasonal group. RBD-seasonal patients experienced seasonal changes as more of a problem and reported a lower percentage of first-degree relatives with a history of depression than the non-RBD-seasonal group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190399
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