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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 168 (1986), S. 408-413 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Callus culture (nicotine pathway) ; Nicotiana (nicotine pathway) ; Nicotine biosynthesis ; Pyridine nucleotide cycle ; Pyridine nucleotide glycohydrolase ; Quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In tobacco callus, the induction of nicotine synthesis, which stimulates enzyme activities of the ornithine-methylpyrroline route (see the preceding paper), also leads to marked changes in the enzyme activities of the pyridine-nucleotide cycle. This cycle provides the metabolite (probably nicotinic acid) for condensation with methylpyrroline to produce nicotine. The activities of eight enzymes of the pyridine-nucleotide cycle and of quinolinic-acid phosphoribosyltransferase, the anaplerotic enzyme, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography assays. The distinct changes of their activities upon induction of nicotine synthesis lead to the following conclusions: i) nicotinic acid is the relevant metabolite which is provided by the pyridine-nucleotide cycle and consumed for nicotine synthesis. ii) The enhancement of the nicotinic-acid pool arises in two ways, by synthesis of NAD and degradation via nicotinamide mononucleotide and by a direct route from nicotinic-acid mononucleotide (NaMN) which is degraded by a glycohydrolase with a rather high K m value. Such a K m value prevents the complete depletion of the NaMN pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 165 (1985), S. 532-537 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: NAD-synthetase ; Nicotiana (pyridine nucleotides) ; Nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase ; Pyridine nucleotide cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The enzyme activities of the pyridine-nucleotide cycle, which transform nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) into NAD, have been characterized. The investigations were based on the extraction of protein, its purification on disposable gel-filtration columns, and determination of the enzymatic activities by high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. The latter technique avoided the synthesis and use of radioactive precursors. The NaMN-adenylyltransferase which converts NaMN into NaAD (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide) and NAD-synthetase which converts NaAD into NAD were characterized by their kinetic parameters and their specific activities in different tobacco tissues. This is the first report on NAD-synthetase from tissue of a higher plant. It was found that NAD-synthetase accepted both glutamine and asparagine for the amide transfer. Adenylyltransfer also occured with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) which was transformed to NAD, whereas the glutamine-dependent amidation was only observed with NaAD. Thus, an additional route for the synthesis of NAD (NaMN→NMN→NAD) obviously does not exist. A comparison of the enzyme activities in tobacco tissues with different capacities for the synthesis of nicotine showed that, in contrast to quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase whose activity was strictly correlated with the nicotine content, only NaMN-adenylyltransferase showed a smooth correlation, whereas NAD-synthetase was not affected at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 167 (1986), S. 226-232 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: NAD pyrophosphatase ; Nicotinamidase ; Nicotiana (pyridine-nucleotide cycle) ; Nicotine biosynthesis ; Pyridine nucleotide cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to elucidate the NAD-recycling pathway the following enzyme activities have been characterized in different tobacco tissues and in tomato root: NAD pyrophosphatase, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)/nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) glycohydrolases, nicotinamidase and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase. The investigations were performed with protein extracts purified by gel filtration and enzymatic activities were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The kinetic parameters of the different enzymes from tobacco root and their specificity are reported. The data are in favor of the so-called pyridine-nucleotide cycle VI (NAD→NMN→nicotinamide→nicotinic acid→NaMN→nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide→NAD). In the nicotine-producing tobacco root a further direct route leading from NaMN to nicotinic acid is proposed. These data are reconciled with the assumption that it is nicotinic acid which is provided by the pyridine-nucleotide cycle for the synthesis of nicotine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1483-1490 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The sizes of dissolved polymers can be estimated a priori at infinite dilution and under theta conditions from existing theories. The effects of concentration can be calculated by assuming that the hydrodynamic volume decreases from a maximum value at infinite dilution toward the theta condition volume, which is reached when the volume fraction of solvated polymer in solution is unity. The predicted hydrodynamic volumes coincide with results of small-angle x-ray scattering and effects of solvent and concentration on gel permeation chromatography elution volumes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 1427-1432 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method of evalution of the effect of electron beam on the latent changes in degrading polymer resists has been developed on the base of measurement of the developing curve under an interference microscope. An evalution procedure using the unit parameters (film thickness and development time) has been suggested for the characterization of the sensitivity and contrast of resists.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 870-871 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 21-35 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A polyvinyl acetate polymer of medium viscosity was fractionated into sixteen fractions (first series) and three of the larger of these further separated into twenty subfractions (second series). The intrinsic viscosities and the osmotic pressure molecular weights were determined at 25°C. and the relation between them was found to be expressed by the equations: first series: [η] = (1.88 × 10-4) M0.69; second series: [η] = (1.76 × 10-4) M0.68. The data indicate that little, if any, increase in homogeneity is to be expected by further successive fractionations and that the equations applicable to the second fractionation series are representative of essentially homogeneous polyvinyl acetates in acetone. An equation applicable to fractionated and unfractionated vinyl acetate polymers is described that is useful in obtaining the intrinsic viscosity from a single viscosity measurement. Several unfractionated materials from different sources were also studied and the calculated ratios of the viscosity-average to the number-average molecular weight indicate that the degree of heterogeneity of chain-length distribution increases with increasing average molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 4 (1949), S. 542-542 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Linear poly(dimethyl siloxanes) bearing vinyl groups can be converted to crosslinked products by photoinitiated formation of radicals. In chloroform solution the quantum yield indicated by the decrease in double bonds (ΦP) assumes values of 0.9 to 2.5, depending on the type of initiator. It decreases with rising silicon concentration. A ΦP-value of 0.01can be extrapolated for solvent free systems. Under these conditions network formation is particularly efficient with benzoin derivatives. As the content of vinyl groups increases the network density also rises. As is demonstrated by IR spectroscopic studies on benzoin derivatives as initiators and by characterization of the networks built up this way, network formation is almost exclusively due to the vinyl groups.
    Notes: Lineare vinylgruppenhaltige Poly(dimethylsiloxane) können durch eine photoinitiierte Radikalbildung in vernetzte Proben überführt werden. In CHCI3-Lösungen erreichen die Quantenausbeuten der Doppelbindungsabnahme (Φp) Werte von 0,9 bis 2,5 Sie hängen vom Initiatortyp ab und sinken bei Erhöhung der Siliconkonzentration. Für lösungsmittelfreie Systeme kann ein ΦP-Wert von 0,01 extrapoliert werden. Unter solchen Bedingungen erfolgt die Netzwerkbildung besonders effektiv mit Benzoinderivaten. Mit steigendem Vinylgruppengehalt der Silicone erhöht sich die Netzwerkdichte. IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen mit Benzoinderivaten als Initiator und die Charakterisierung der entstandenen Netzwerke zeigen, daß die Netzwerkbildung fast ausschließlich über die Vinylgruppen abläuft.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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