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Digitale Medien

Nitric oxide synthase-containing projections to the ventrobasal thalamus in the rat (1999)

Usunoff, Kamen G. ; Kharazia, Viktor N. ; Valtschanoff, Juli G. ; [weitere]

Springer

Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 265-281

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ISSN: 1432-0568

Schlagwort(e): Key words Retrograde axonal transport ; Somatosensory system ; Pedunculopontine nucleus ; Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ; Cholinergic

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract Microiontophoretic studies of thalamic neurons suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in mediating somatosensory transmission. The thalamus contains few nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive neurons; thus, the major source of thalamic NO is presumably from NOS-positive axons of extrathalamic origin. The cells of origin of these putative NOS-containing pathways to the ventrobasal thalamus were investigated in rats by combining retrograde tracing with immunocytochemistry for NOS. The location and morphology of double-labeled neurons was compared with that of single-labeled neurons. The most significant sources of NOS-containing afferents to the thalamus were found to be the pedunculopontine (PPN) and laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nuclei. NOS-immunoreactive neurons in these cholinergic nuclei project bilaterally to the thalamus, most strongly ipsilaterally. The thalamus appears to be a major target of PPN, since even selective thalamic injections result in retrograde labeling of at least one third of its NOS-immunoreactive neurons. A significant number of NOS-negative neurons in both the PPN and LDT also project to the thalamus. Minor sources of NOS-containing thalamic afferents include the lateral hypothalamus, the dorsal, median and pontine raphe nuclei, the parabrachial nuclei, and the pontomedullary reticular formation. In all these structures, NOS-negative thalamopetal neurons greatly outnumber the NOS-positive ones. Ascending sensory pathways to the thalamus, including those from the sensory trigeminal nuclei, the dorsal column nuclei, and the spinal cord, as well as the auditory and vestibular centers, arise exclusively from NOS-negative neurons. The major NOS-positive projections are implicated in affective and alerting systems, supporting that NO may act to modulate attentiveness in thalamic relay nuclei.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050278

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Digitale Medien

Molekulare Konformation, hydrodynamische, dynamooptische und elektrooptische Eigenschaften von Polymeren mit Leiterstruktur in Lösungen (1972)

Tsvetkov, Viktor N.

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Die Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1972), S. 1-26

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ISSN: 0025-116X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The specific character of structure of ladder polymers that leads to sharp decreasing of flexibility of molecular chain requires the foundation of new approaches in investigating the structure and physical properties of these polymers.Experimental data on investigation of conformation, hydrodynamic, optical and electrical properties of some ladder polymers on the basis of polysiloxane chains in solution are listed and the analysis of these data using modern theories of persistent, worm-like molecular chains and chains with non-gaussian optical properties are carried out. On the basis of this analysis the quantitative conclusions about conformation, flexibility and possible defectness of double-chain structure of some investigated ladder polymers of various chemical composition are made.

Notizen: Die Eingentümlichkeit des doppelkettigen Baus von Leiterpolymeren, die zu einer starken Verringerung der Biegsamkeit der Molekülkette führt, erfordert die Ausarbeitung neuer theoretischer und experimenteller Methoden bei der Aufklärung der Struktur und der physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser Polymeren.Es werden experimentelle Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen von Konformation, hydrodynamischen, optischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften in Lösung für eine Reihe von Leiterpolymeren aus Polysiloxanketten angeführt. Diese experimentellen Ergebnisse werden unter Hinzuziehung moderner Theorien (Theorie von Persistenz-Ketten, „wurmförmiger“ Ketten und Ketten mit nichtgaußschen optischen Eigenschaften) ausgewertet und quantitative Schlußfolgerungen über molekulare Konformation, Biegsamkeit und mögliche Defekte der doppelkettigen molekularen Struktur der untersuchten Leiterpolymeren unterschiedlicher chemischer Struktur gezogen.

Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.