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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8)
  • corn  (2)
  • cyclophosphamide  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase I and subsequent phase II study of filgrastim (r-met-HuG-CSF) and dose intensified cyclophosphamide plus epirubicin in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and advanced solid tumors (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 907-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cyclophosphamide ; dose-escalation ; epirubicin ; filgrastim ; G-CSF ; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To define a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the combination of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim (r-met-HuG-CSF) in patients with advanced solid tumors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Patients and methods: Thirty-five patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled in stages I and II. Twenty-one patients were treated in stage I in sequential cohorts of at least three patients at increasing dosage levels of cyclophosphamide and epirubicin, for up to six cycles every 21 days. At the completion of stage I, a MTD for epirubicin was established. Fourteen patients were treated in stage II, in cohorts of three or more. The epirubicin dose remained constant at the MTD dosage from stage I. Cyclophosphamide was further dose-escalated to establish its MTD. Twenty-one patients with previously untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated in stage III with the MTD established in the prior stages. Results: The MTD in stage I was epirubicin 150 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 1500 mg/m2 with cumulative neutropenia as the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Cumulative thrombocytopenia prevented further dose-escalation of cyclophosphamide in stage II. The stage III regimen consisted of six, 21-day cycles of epirubicin 150 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 1500 mg/m2, vincristine 2 mg, and prednisolone 100 mg for five days with filgrastim support. Nineteen of twenty-one patients (90%) completed six cycles of treatment, eight (38%) without dose reduction. Common toxicity criteria (CTC) grade 4 neutropenia (neutrophil nadir 〈0.5 × 109/l) was documented in 85 of 118 cycles (72%). Neutropenic fever was documented in 17 of 21 patients (81%) on at least one occasion. Severe thrombocytopenia (〈25 × 109/l) was seen in fourteen of 118 cycles (12%) and increased with cycle number. There was no significant non-hematological toxicity. Conclusion: Significant dose-escalation of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide was possible with filgrastim support. The MTD achieved was approximately double that of standard-dose therapy. This study forms the basis of an ongoing randomized study evaluating dose-intensification in intermediate grade NHL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008353522601
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiac effects of high-dose epirubicin and cyclophosphamide in women with poor prognosis breast cancer (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: breast cancer ; cardiotoxicity ; cyclophosphamide ; epirubicin ; high dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the long term cardiac effects of high-dose epirubicin and cyclophosphamide given to women with early stage, poor prognosis breast cancer. Patients and methods: Women with stage 2 breast cancer and 10+ nodes or 4+ nodes and estrogen receptor negative tumor, or stage 3 breast cancer received three cycles of epirubicin 200 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 4 gm/m2 with peripheral blood progenitor cell and filgrastim support. Treatment was given every 28 days (n = 79) or 21 days (n = 20). Fifty patients received radiotherapy to the chest wall or breast, 25 of to the left side. Patients were assessed clinically regularly during chemotherapy and at least three times yearly after completion of treatment. Cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by radionuclide scan before therapy, after each cycle of chemotherapy, three months and six months after completion of chemotherapy, and yearly thereafter until relapse. Results: Ninety-nine women were treated, and 92 completed all three cycles of chemotherapy. The median age was 43 years (range 24 to 60 years). All patients were included in this analysis. The median relapse-free survival was 39 months (11 to 68 months). There was a significant fall in LVEF during chemotherapy. In general, there was no further deterioration in cardiac function from the third month after cessation of treatment, however there was substantial variation between individuals. 35 patients had at least one LVEF measure less than normal (〈50%), but the LVEF returned to normal in 20 of these with further follow-up. Cardiac dysfunction was not increased in women who received radiotherapy and was not different between cohorts given chemotherapy every three or every four weeks. One patient died of acute myocardial necrosis following the third cycle of chemotherapy. Two patients developed clinical evidence of cardiac failure, and another had radiological signs but was asymptomatic. One woman died of progressive cardiac failure, one recovered clinically but also developed recurrent breast cancer, while the third recovered after commencement of medical therapy. Conclusions: During follow-up after high-dose epirubicin and cyclophosphamide as delivered in this study, the LVEF fell to below normal in approximately one third of patients. However, in over half of these patients the LVEF subsequently recovered to the normal range, and the incidence of clinically evident chronic cardiac failure was low. Further follow-up is required to assess the long- term safety. A randomized comparison with standard-dose anthracycline-based chemotherapy is needed to determine whether this regimen is associated with an increased risk of clinical cardiac toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008390203340
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using NCSWAP to simulate seasonal nitrogen dynamics in soil and corn (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 177 (1995), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: corn ; nitrogen availability ; N simulation ; soil ; tillage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if a re-calibrated version of the computer model NCSWAP (version 36) could accurately predict corn growth and soil N dynamics in conventionally tilled (CT) and no-till (NT) corn supplied with legume green manure or ammonium nitrate as N sources. We also attempted to ascertain the reasons for limitations in the model's ability to simulate corn growth and soil N dynamics found by our colleagues in a previous study and to propose potential improvements. The model was calibrated to accurately simulate total available N (N in plant above-ground biomass plus soil nitrate in the 0 to 45 cm profile) for a control and a fertilizer CT treatment in the 1992 growing season. To do so, input values defining the quantities of active soil organic N had to be reduced to 19% of the values proposed by the model developers and a solute transport factor defining the mobile vs. immobile fractions of soil nitrate adjusted from 0.8 to 0.2. The discrepancies between the proposed values and the lower values employed in this study might be due to the uncertainties in quantitatively describing soil N mineralization processes and the way they are handled in the model, as well as the lack of a component simulating macroporous-influenced water flow and solute transport in the model. With the current version, until one knows how to predict what these values are, the model needs to be re-calibrated for each experimental site and condition and thus is of limited value as a general model. With no further adjustment of input values, model validation success was mixed. The model accurately predicted total available N for treatments in the second year of the experiment that had the same N source and tillage as the treatments used for the calibration year but with the different weather and growing conditions. However, total available N was underpredicted where legume green manure was the N source and overpredicted with no-till cultivation. The model was accurate in simulating seasonal corn growth for nearly all the treatments, judged by nonsignificant mean difference (MD) values and highly significant correlation coefficients (r). Prediction of seasonal soil nitrate concentration was less accurate compared to total available N and corn growth variables. Potential improvements in the model's simulation of a no-till system as well as for predicting corn harvest yield and seasonal soil nitrate concentration where N deficiency occurs were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010130
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tillage effect on seasonal nitrogen availability in corn supplied with legume green manures (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: corn ; hairy vetch ; red clover ; nitrogen availability ; tillage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown that legume green manures have great potential for replacing a substantial amount of the N fertilizer required for corn (Zea mays L.) production. An experiment was conducted in central Pennsylvania (USA) to study seasonal fluctuation of nitrogen (N) availability in corn with conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) following red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) green manures double-cropped with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Samples of corn, weeds, and soil were taken periodically and analyzed for total N content in plant tissue and soil nitrate-N content. The sum of plant N (corn plus weed) and soil nitrate-N in the upper 45 cm profile was used as an indicator of total available N. Under CT, total available N increased rapidly upon legume incorporation and reached 80% of the maximum within 4 weeks. Under NT, total available N increased steadily after the legumes were killed with herbicides and reached a maximum within 7 to 8 weeks. Seasonal corn N accumulations with the legume N source were similar to those where corn followed fallow with 200 kg N ha−1 fertilizer with CT, but were less than those in the same fallow 200 kg N ha−1 treatment with no-till. Dry weather conditions together with weed competition reduced N availability to the no-till corn compared to the CT treatments. The seasonal fluctuations of total available N and corn N uptake suggest good synchronization between N availability from the legume green manures and N accumulation by corn plants in both tillage systems under the conditions of this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01347707
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic sequence effects in polyurethane-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) mixtures: Grafting and mechanical properties (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1281-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Morphology, stress-strain properties, and grafting have been investigated in highly phase-separated polyurethane (PU)-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) mixtures as a function of the sequence of formation of the components, both linear (l) and crosslinked (x), in the presence of each other. In the range of 0.3-0.7 weight fraction of PU, a morphology of PBMA particles in a PU matrix results. Particle size depends on matrix viscosity at the time of PBMA formation, decreasing as viscosity increases. The PBMA (l) particles are spherical; PBMA (x) particles are irregular in shape when formed in a fluid medium but tend to become spherical as the delay time before the onset of their formation is increased. Grafting, decreasing with increasing delay time, is observed between PBMA (l) particles and the PU (x) or PU (l) matrix. The grafting results from transesterification between BMA and the polyol precursors to the PU. Two families of mechanical properties are found, depending generally more on particle shape than size. Systematic trends of property values through a series of samples of constant composition, but increasing delay times, are observed with greater variation in the series with PBMA (x) particles; the trends are explainable in terms of matrix immobilization by the particles.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410536
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) in solution and the effect of added solutes (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2373-2379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(methyl methacrylate) has been photolyzed with 2537 A. radiation in dioxane and in methylene chloride at about 25°C. in the presence and absence of air. In degassed solutions, quantum yields for random scission are only slightly affected by either intensity or polymer concentration. Oxygen is an apparent inhibitor for photodegradation. The inhibiting and sensitizing effects of a variety of added solutes, including aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic dienes, and ketones were investigated; the behavior is similar whether or not oxygen is present. The results are best explained on the basis of an electronic energy transfer mechanism involving the lowest excited triplet levels of the polymer and the added solutes.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111124
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photolytic degradation of some poly(alkylene polysulfides)Presented in part before the Society of Plastic Engineers, Regional Technical Conference, Washington, D. C., June 4, 1964, and before the Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry Division at the 148th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, September 1, 1964. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3489-3497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(methylene disulfide), poly(methylene tetrasulfide), poly(ethylene disulfide), and poly(ethylene tetrasulfide) have been subjected to ultraviolet radiation in vacuum at 50°C. Weight losses during photolysis include both low molecular weight compounds and readily condensable polymeric materials; the latter account for the greater proportion of the weight losses. Carbon monosulfide, isolated as its polymer, and hydrogen sulfide are major photolytic products. Carbon disulfide is a major product from the methylene but not from the ethylene polymers. The tetrasulfide polymers during irradiation from volatile products which on condensation give the original polymer. A mechanism of degradation compatible with these findings is suggested.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070091025
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photolysis of poly-α-methylstyrene (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 56 (1962), S. 507-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The photodegradation of thin films of poly-α-methylstyrene by near ultraviolet radiation has been studied in vacuum at 27 and 115°C. Changes taking place during photolysis were followed by a determination of monomer formation by ultraviolet spectroscopy, residue molecular weight through a measurement of intrinsic viscosity, and volatile products by mass spectroscopy. Gross features of the photolysis include random chain scission in the polymer with subsequent depolymerization of the radicals formed to yield small amounts of monomer; the kinetic chain length is on the order of 15 in the temperature range studied. Quantum yields at 27°C. for chain scission and monomer formation are 1 × 10-3 and 7 × 10-3, respectively. At 115°C. the quantum yields are 2 × 10-2 and 0.5. Small quantities of hydrogen, CO2, CO, and a number of hydrocarbons were liberated during irradiation. An approximate one-to-one correlation between the number of main chain scissions and CO2 + CO molecules evolved was found, suggesting the occurrence of chain scission at weak linkages involving oxygen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205616422
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of polystyrene in solution (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 4 (1966), S. 771-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.110041019
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge transfer interaction and electrical conductivity of poly(vinyl acetals) containing dispersed TCNQ radical anion salts (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2765-2772 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Charge transfer (CT) interaction is described in semiconducting dispersions of TCNQ complex salt \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm Et}_3 {\rm NH}^+ ({\rm TCNQ})_2^{\cdot^{\hskip-3.7pt\hbox{--}}}$\end{document} with and without added TCNQ°, in poly(vinyl acetal) matrices in which the electron-donor moiety is varied. The extent of CT interaction was determined in films and in solution (DMF, acetonitrile, or methylene chloride) through the absorbances at 398 nm (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm TCNQ}{\ }^{\cdot^{\hskip-3.7pt\hbox{--}}}$\end{document} and TCNQ°) and 857 nm \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm TCNQ}{\ }^{\cdot^{\hskip-3.7pt\hbox{--}}}$\end{document}. Resistivity of the conductive films was related to the stoichiometry of TCNQ species in the films and found to have a minimum at \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$[{\rm TCNQ}^\circ]/[{\rm TCNQ}{\ }^{\cdot^{\hskip-3.7pt\hbox{--}}}]\simeq 1$\end{document}. Lower resistivities were attained with films having a uniform, densely packed dispersion of microcrystallites which were obtained at a relatively slow solvent removal rate. With this particular complex salt, strong electron-donor polymers are found to be better matrices for semiconductivity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201003
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