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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: flunitrazepam ; single dose ; multiple dose ; hypnotic ; two-compartment model ; benzodiazepine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Healthy human subjects received single and multiple oral doses of flunitrazepam. Absorption and disposition were first order and reproducible from administration to administration. The oral doses were virtually completely available to the liver, and elimination from the body occurred entirely via metabolism. Assuming the liver to be the sole eliminating organ, hepatic blood clearance and extraction ratio were approximately 0.235 liter/hr/kg and 0.154, respectively. Steady-state blood volume of distribution averaged 3.76 liters/kg in the single-dose studies. Terminal exponential half-lives from the single- and multiple-dose studies (different subjects) averaged 13.5 and 19.2 hr, respectively, these differences were not due to clearance changes but were entirely attributable to variations in volumes of distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: chlordiazepoxide ; benzodiazepine ; two-compartment model, biopharmaceutics ; pharmacokinetics ; single dose ; routes of administration ; intravenous ; intramuscular ; oral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Single 30- mg doses of chlordiazepoxide HCl were administered to six healthy human subjects by the intravenous, oral, and intramuscular routes. Plasma concentration- time curves following intravenous administration were satisfactorily described by a biexponential equation consistent with a two-compartment open model system. Mean values of half-lives for the so-called distribution and elimination phases were 0.252 and 9.39 hr, respectively. The mean values for the volume of the central compartment (V 1) and volume of distribution $$(V_{d_\beta } )$$ were 18.0 and 30.9% of body weight, respectively. Following oral administration, the drug was rapidly and completely absorbed. Absorption was first order (t1/2≈27 min), and three of the six subjects showed a discernible lag time of approximately 20 min. Drug absorption following intramuscular administration was comparatively slow. A two- compartment “muscle model” comprised of precipitated and solubilized drug in the muscle was found to satisfactorily characterize the absorption process following administration by this route.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 132 (1970), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Drei verschiedene Polybutadiene von stark unterschiedlicher Vinyl- bzw. cis-Monomeren-Struktur wurden unter Verwendung von Dibenzoylperoxid bzw. Azoisobuttersäuredinitril als Katalysatoren mit Methylmethacrylat gepfropft. Aus sorgfältigen Fraktionierungen sowie Abbauversuchen und Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen wird geschlossen, daß beide Katalysatoren in den verwendeten 10-proz. Kautschuk-Lösungen gepfropftes Copolymeres ergeben; Dibenzoylperoxid war stets der wirksamere Pfropfkatalysator, sowohl bei Polybutadienen mit hohem Vinyl- als auch, zu einem gewissen Grad, mit hohem cis- Gehalt. Die Molekulargewichte der Polymethylmethacrylat-Pfropfcopolymerisate sind etwas niedriger als die von unter gleichen Bedingungen erhaltenen Homopolymeren. Es wird angenommen, daß weniger als 20% Pfropfung durch Kettenübertragung erfolgt, während Kettenabbruch hauptsächlich durch Disproportionierung stattfindet.
    Notes: Three different polybutadienes possessing widely different vinyl and cis monomer structures have been grafted with methyl methacrylate in solution using both benzoyl peroxide and azobisisobutyronitrile catalysts. Careful fractionation and backbone degradation techniques together with molecular weight determinations lead to the conclusions that both catalysts gave graft copolymer in the 10% rubber solutions used. Benzoyl peroxide always gave better graft efficiencies, (as did high vinyl and to a lesser extent high cis polybutadiene). The molecular weight of the polymethylmethacrylate grafts are slightly lower than those of homopolymers polymerized under the same conditions indicating 〈 20% grafting by chain transfer and termination mainly by disproportionation.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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