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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosensitive polymers with pendent p-dialkylaminobenzylideneacetophenone residues as photoinduced radical polymerization initiators (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2983-2993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Polymers with pendent p-dialkylaminobenzylideneracetophenone (PABA) groups were prepared by copolymerization of 4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidenemethylcarbonyl)phenyl methacrylate (1) with alkyl methacrylates and by the substitution reaction of poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-methyl methacrylate) with sodium 4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidenemethylcarbonyl)phenolate (3). The polymers having PABA groups become insoluble upon photodimerization of PABA. Furthermore, the photosensitivity of the polymers increases considerably when mixed with vinyl monomers and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI) during irradiation. The photocrosslinking may involve graft polymerization initiated by PABA which sensitizes the decomposition of DPI to form radicals. Introduction of unsaturated groups like maleate or crotonyl groups into the PABA polymer depresses the shrinkage of the photocured polymer film when the polymer was mixed with DPI. Sensitivity characteristics of PABA polymers toward Ar laser emitting 488 nm light are mentioned.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021881219
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) on the photochemical immobilization of an enzyme in photocrosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 763-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A novel method was applied to improve the activity of enzymes immobilized in photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol). Whereas the addition of glycerol to photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol), bearing a styrylpyridinium group, diminishes the rate of photocrosslinking as well as the mechanical strength of the insolubilized gel, no considerable decrease in the rate of photoreaction was observed when poly(vinyl alcohol) was mixed with poly(ethylene glycol). This difference is based on the phase separation of the two water-soluble polymers, resulting in the formation of a porous structure of the photocrosslinked gel. Immobilization of invertase in the photocrosslinked gel in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) changes the activity, because of the case of diffusion of the substrate into the porous matrix.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880410
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reversible alignment change of liquid crystals induced by photochromic molecular films, 15Part 14: cf. ref.(8). Convenient methods to prepare “command surfaces” by surface-selective modification of thin films of poly(vinyl alcohol) with azobenzene units (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 2163-2174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A thin film of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA of different saponification degree) coated on a glass plate was subjected to a surface-selective introduction of azobenzene moieties by treatment with a solution of 4-(4-hexylphenylazo) phenoxyacetyl chloride/pyridine or 4-(4-hexylphenylazo) phenoxybutanal /ptoluenesulfonic acid. Cells were fabricated by sandwiching a nematic liquid-crystalline material between two surface-modified glass plates. Alternating exposure to UV and visible light causes a reversible alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. Rubbing of the surface-modified PVA resulted in an improved optical quality of the cell and enabled us to construct a photoresponsive twisted nematic cell. The advantages of the present method for preparing “command surfaces” are discussed from a practical point of view.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1992.021930832
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel imaging system by dye-sensitized photooxidation of oxazole groups attached to a polymer backbone (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 2215-2224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Copolymers of 2-(3-methacryloyloxypropyl)-4,5-diphenyloxazole (3) with various monomers were prepared. It was observed that the oxazole rings attached to the copolymer backbone are converted efficiently to the corresponding triacylamino residues by photooxidation using meso-tetraphenylporphin as a photosensitizer in solution and in a thin film of the polymer. This photoinduced transformation in a copolymer 5c having N-isopropylacrylamide as a comonomer was found to be applicable to a positive working photoresist by development with an aqueous solution of amines to dissolve the exposed areas of the film. A new system for positive image formation by visible light is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940806
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photocrosslinking behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol)s with pendent styrylpyridinium or styrylquinolinium groups (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2973-2982 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Poly(vinyl alcohols) (PVA's) with pendent styrylpyridinium (SbQ), styrylquinolinium (QQ), or oxystyrylquinolinium (OQQ) exhibit anomalously high photosensitivity, even if the content of photosensitive groups is very low. This phenomenon was studied by measuring the sensitivity to crosslinking quantitatively using monochromatic light. When the content of SbQ or OQQ exceeds ca. 1 mol-%, the photoinduced gelation behaviour was found to be in the line with Charlesby's equation, suggesting that the absorbed light energy leads specifically to interamacromolecular photodimerization of SbQ or OQQ. Under these circumstances, the quantum efficiency for the photodimerization of SbQ and OQQ was estimated to be in the ranges of 0,31-0,37 and 0,10-0,17, respectively. The applicability of PVA-SbQ to water-developable photoresists for microfabrications is discussed. The sensitivity characteristics of PVA having OQQ and analogous groups is also mentioned in view of the application to Ar laser resists.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021881218
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and reactions of polymers having 1-aroyl-2-(3-pyridyl)ethylenes as photosensitive groups (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4127-4135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The reactions of 1-aroyl-2-(3-pyridyl)ethylenes (APE) with polychloromethylstyrene (PCMS) yield polymeric systems which undergo rapid crosslinking upon short exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The photochemical reaction of polymers as well as model compounds was followed by the measurement of UV absorption of APE and the analysis of extinction coefficient difference (ED) diagrams.1
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320326
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Water-ethanol permseparation by pervaporation through photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) composite membranes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1717-1729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Water-ethanol permselectivity was investigated by pervaporation through composite membranes which were prepared by coating photocrosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) containing pendant styrylpyridinium group (0.86-3.93 mol %) on porous films. These membranes were water-permselective, and the selectivity was dependent on the state of membranes; namely, incorporation ratio of styrylpyridinium group on poly(vinyl alcohol), molecular weight of the base polymer, coating thickness of a photopolymer, etc. Photocrosslinkable styrylpyridinium group showed, of course, the ionic character by a pyridinium moiety to work on permseparation of water effectively as well as preventing the dissolution of membranes by crosslinking. Membranes based on the higher molecular weight poly(vinyl alcohol) (P = 1700) gave the higher permselectivity of water in general than those of lower molecular weight (P = 500) one. Swelling of the polymers reached 160%, and permeation rate through the membranes increased with the increase of swelling. Selective diffusion of water was found to take place in swelling, and to play a part in the water-permseparation through the membranes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360801
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosensitive poly(methacrylates) having styrylpyridinium and styrylquinolinium groups (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3063-3077 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Three methods to introduce photodimerizable styrylpyridinium or styrylquinolinium groups to methacrylate polymers are described. Among these, copolymerization of methacrylate monomers with methacrylated styrylpyridine or styrylquinoline offered the most convenient procedure to prepare photosensitive polymers because of the excellent solubility of the polymers having the photofunctional groups in high content. Subsequent treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid to quaternize the pyridine or quinoline moiety made the polymer highly photosensitive. The polymers having a styrylquinolinium group were found to be sensitive to 488 nm light of an Ar laser, and the sensitivity was about 3 mJ/cm2 when the content of the photosensitive group was 15 mol %.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251111
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of dihydroxamic acid chelating polymers and the adsorptive property for uranium in sea water (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1953-1966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Preparation of new chelating polymers bearing dihydroxamic acid groups and the adsorptive ability for uranium in sea water are described. Chloromethylated polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene was treated with diethyl malonate in N, N-dimethylformamide to give the polymer having diethyl malonate groups. This polymer was then treated with hydroxylamine in methanol to afford the dihydroxamic acid polymer. The presence of hydroxamic acid groups was confirmed by the appearance of IR absorption band at 1680 cm-1. The dihydroxamic acid polymer contained carboxylic acid groups as well as hydroxamic acid ones, and the contents of carboxylic acid and hydroxamic acid groups were estimated from elemental analysis to be 2-3 and 2-4 mmol/g, respectively. The polymer showed the adsorptive ability of 40 μg-U/g in 8 days for uranium in sea water. In addition, the polymer showed the selective adsorptivity for iron, nickel, copper, and zinc as well as uranium. The macroreticular-type polymer showed much higher adsorption rate for uranium in sea water than the gel-type ones did, suggesting that the rate depends on the diffusion of the uranium in the polymer support.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240817
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel method for preparation of photocrosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1475-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A convenient procedure to prepare photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol) by acetalization with 1-methyl-4-(p-formylstyryl)pyridinium methosulfate in heterogeneous condition is described. The reaction of fully saponified poly(vinyl alcohol) was carried out in suspension in acidic aqueous solution, while partially saponified poly(vinyl alcohol) was acetalized in acidic aqueous organic solvent. The photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol) thus prepared was purified by filtration and successive washing out with methanol. The effect of the preparative condition on the electronic absorption spectra of the styrylpyridinium group attached to poly(vinyl alcohol) is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250603
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