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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 2927-2943 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: By Friedel-Crafts alkylation of appropriate aromatic systems directly condensable and after modification polymerisable, complex-forming agents are obtained.Alkylation of 8-quinolinol with p-isopropenylphenol or p-isopropenylaniline gives new functional 8-quinolinols, (8a, b), which in polycondensation reactions terminate the chains and make high molecular weight, thermoplastic condensation polymers with 8-quinolinol end-groups for the first time easily accessible. Reaction of metal compounds with these complex-forming polycondensates leads to chain-prolonged polymers with coordinative metal-bridges.Acylation of the functional 8-quinolinol monomers with methacryloyl chloride gives new 8-quinolinol vinyl-monomers, (9a, b), which can easily be converted to homopolymers and copolymers with lateral 8-quinolinol groups. These complex-forming polymers show. particularly for heavy metals, good reversible ion-exchange properties. The metal containing polymers have various applications and can e.g. be used as depot-fertilizer or for contrast staining in electron microscopy.
    Notes: Durch Friedel-Crafts-Alkylierung aromatischer Systeme mit komplexbildenden Zentren gelangt man direkt zu funktionell einkondensierbaren und nach Modifizierung zu polymerisierbaren Komplexbildnern.Die Alkylierung von 8-Chinolinol mit p-Isopropenylphenol oder p-Isopropenylanilin führt zu neuen funktionellen 8-Chinolinolen, (8a, b), die bei Polykondensationen als Kettenabbrecher reagieren und hochmolekulare, thermoplastische Polykondensate mit 8-Chinolinolendgruppen erstmals leicht zugänglich machen. Bei der Umsetzung von Metallverbindungen mit den komplexbildenden Polykondensaten werden kettenverlängerte Polymere mit koordinativen Metallbrücken erhalten.Die Acylierung der funktionellen 8-Chinolinole mit Methacrylsäurechlorid ergibt neue Vinylmonomere mit 8-Chinolinolgruppen, (9a, b), die leicht zu Homo- und Copolymerisaten mit seitenständigen 8-Chinolinolgruppen weiterverarbeitet werden können. Diese komplexbildenden Polymerisate zeigen insbesondere für Schwermetalle gute reversible Austauschereigenschaften. Die metallhaltigen Polymerisate besitzen vielfache Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und können z. B. als Depotdünger oder elektronenmikroskopische Kontrastierungsmittel eingesetzt werden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The oxidative polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (1) and the halogen displacement polymerization of 4-halo-2,6-dimethylphenols (4) yielded poly[oxy(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)] (2) with one phenolic end group. 2,2′,6,6′-Tetramethyl-4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol (9a) was used as comonomer in both polymerization reactions to obtain polymer 10a, containing two phenolic end groups. Polymers of different molecular weight were synthesized by variation of the mole ratio of the comonomers. The polymers were characterized by GPC, NMR spectroscopy and end group analysis.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polycarbonate (PC) based on 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl-2,2-propane has adchieved an outstanding market relevance due to its extraordinary physical and technical properties, especially due to the combination of excellent impact strength and high heat distortion temperature (HDT) combined with good optical and electrical properties.This very attractive balance of properties has led to a broad and still expanding use of PC in different optical application areas. Therefore it has reached a significant importance as a material for glasing (compact sheet and twin wall sheet) and also for optical lenses. For lenses the high refraction index of PC (n = 1,58) and its low density have shown as additional advantages. Recently PC was introduced as a base material for polymeric optical fibers (POF) in the market: Despite its inherently high optical loss (about 800 dB/km at λ = 820 nm) PC has proved as an attractive material because of its high refractive index (cheap cladding, narrow bending radii) and its good HDT (use at relatively high temperatures, e.g. near the engine of automobiles), so far the maximum fiber length will not exceed 30 m.During the last decade PC with extremely high flow and purity became the material of choice for music consumer industry (compact disk: CD) and for optical data storage technology. So far all the CDs were produced worldwide from PC (1988: 450 Mio CD, 1989 about 650 Mio CD). These special PC grades are used for WORM disks (write once read multiple) and EOD disks (erasable optical disks) with diameter up to 13 cm. These disks are still in the phase of market introduction. For disk diameters greater than 13 cm up to 30 cm experimental products with very low birefringence combined with increased stiffness are currently under development (e.g. blends of modified PC with modified SAN).The continuous improvement of the commercial PC grades and the new development of structurely modified PC and special blends based on PC will lead to a further increasing consumption of PC and to further expanding applications of PC especially in the optical market area.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 55 (1976), S. 175-189 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Highmolecular polycarbonates can be synthesized by interfacial polycondensation from o,o,o′,o′-tetramethylsubstituted bisphenols and phosgene although the phenolic OH-groups are greatly hindered sterically by the methyl groups. For the synthesis of these polycarbonates it is necessary to use high concentrations of the catalyst, high pH-values, a good excess amount of phosgene and a long condensation period. The polycarbonates are characterized by high second order transition temperatures, excellent hydrolytical stability, low refractive indexes and a good thermoplastic processability. Particularly the polycarbonate from 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane has a well balanced combination of properties, among which is a good compatibility with bisphenol-A-polycarbonate, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride.
    Notes: Aus o,o,o′,o′-tetramethylsubstituierten Bisphenolen und Phosgen lassen sich trotz starker sterischer Hinderung der OH-Gruppen durch die Methylsubstituenten nach dem Verfahren der Zweiphasengrenzflächenkondensation hochmolekulare Polycarbonate herstellen. Voraussetzung dafür sind die Anwendung hoher Katalysatorkonzentrationen, die Aufrechterhaltung hoher pH-Werte, der Einsatz eines hohen Phosgenüberschusses und das Einhalten langer Kondensationszeiten. Die Polycarbonate zeichnen sich durch hohe Einfriertemperaturen, gute Hydrolysestabilität, niedrige Brechungsindices und gute thermoplatische Verarbeitbarkeit aus. Das Polycarbonat aus 2,2-Bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan besitzt eine besonders ausgewogene Kombination von Eigenschaften, insbesondere auch gute Verträglichkeit mit Polymeren wie Bisphenol-A-Polycarbonat, Polystyrol und Polyvinylchlorid.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Ferroelectric polymers ; Nonvolatile RAM's ; Optical data storage ; New polycarbonates with high heat resistance ; Structure-property relationships for polycarbonates ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polymers possess great significance in data storage technology. Taking as an example electrical and optical data storage, the state of development, properties required and opportunities for application of selected polymers are discussed, namely: (i) ferroelectric polymers with low switching voltages and extremely short switching times for electric data storage; and (ii) transparent polymers with low birefringence and high thermal stability for optical data storage.In the area of electrical data storage devices/memories, ferroelectric polymers have not been able to establish themselves up to now due to their long switching time and limited thermal stability. However, recent investigations show that suitable copolymers based on PVDF/TrFE copolymers in ultra-thin layers can achieve switching times of ≤100 ns. Nevertheless, the limited thermal stability of PVDF/TrFE copolymers prevent them from being integrated into the usual manufacturing process for Si-based data storage devices (D-RAM resp. S-RAM) and thereby frustrates the desired objective of producing nonvolatile random access memories (NV-RAMs).In the area of optical data storage technology, polycarbonate (PC) has established itself due to its favorable combination of properties. Thus, audio compact disks (CDs) are manufactured exclusively of PC, while high-flow PC types of high optical purity are clearly the preferred substrate material for optical data storage disks. The increasingly stringent requirements to be met in terms of lower birefringence and better thermal stability mean that the development of suitable modified or substituted polycarbonates is required. The development work being carried out worldwide in this area is reviewed here, and new suitable substituted polycarbonates with lower birefringence and significantly increased thermal stability up to glass temperatures of 238°C are presented.In addition, we deduce structure - property relationships for the above-mentioned structurally modified polycarbonates, specifically considering rotation potentials along the polymer backbone.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Branched thermoplastic processable polyphosphonic acid esters with high molecular weights and exceptionally high flame resistance can be synthesized by alkaline catalyzed polycondensations of aromatic dihydroxy compounds and phosphonic acid diarylesters using small amounts of special branching monomers simultaneously. The mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties of a typical representative of this polymer class  -  the poly(4,4′-dioxydiphenylmethylphosphonate)  -  are described. It is shown that this poly(methylphosphonate) is an easily processable, heat resistant, and very impact resistant plastic material having the highest flame resistance of all halogenfree thermoplastics even outperforming most of the halogen containing plastics (measured by the oxygen index). Experimental results of pyrolysis using air describe the positioning of the chemically bound phosphorous: the gases contain 2/3 of the polymerbound phosphorous as phosphoric acid and methylphosphonic acid while 1/3 is found in the pyrolysis residue. The levels of heat resistance of the poly(phosphonates) can be increased by incorporation of carbonate or arylester groups via cocondensation procedures; therefore, yielding thermoplastic amorphous poly(carbonatophosphonates) or polyesterphosphonates are tough plastic materials showing at the same time significantly improved flame resistance.
    Notes: Durch alkalikatalysierte Polykondensation aromatischer Dihydroxyverbindungen mit Phosphonsäurediarylestern in Gegenwart geringer Mengen an speziellen verzweigenden Monomeren wurden verzweigte, hochmolekulare, thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Polyphosphonsäureester erhalten, die eine herausragende Flammwidrigkeit zeigen. Die mechanischen, thermischen, elektrischen und chemischen Eigenschaften eines typischen Vertreters dieser Thermoplastklasse  -  dem Poly[4,4′-dioxydiphenylmethylphosphonat]  -  werden erstmals beschrieben. Es zeigt sich, daß das obengenannte Polymethylphosphonat zu den gut thermoplastisch verarbeitbaren, wärmeformbeständigen, äßerst schlag- und kerbschlagzähen Kunststoffen gerechnet werden kann, das innerhalb der halogenfreien Thermoplaste die höchste Flammwidrigkeit besitzt und sogar einen Großteil der hochhalogenhaltigen Kunststoffe in der Brandwidrigkeit übertrifft. Über den Verbleib des chemisch gebundenen Phosphors unter Pyrolysebedingungen an Luft wird eine Aussage gegeben: die Pyrolysegase enthalten ca. 2/3 des im Polymeren gebundenen Phosphors in Form von Phosphorsäure und Methylphosphonsäure. Die Anhebung der Wärmeformbeständigkeit der Polyphosphonate gelingt durch Einkondensation von Carbonat- und Arylestergruppen unter Bildung von thermoplastischen amorphen Polycarbonatophosphonaten und Polyesterphosphonaten  -  ebenfalls Kunststoffen mit signifikant verbesserten Brand-widrigkeitseigenschaften.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 12 (1991), S. 95-99 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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