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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 238 (1996), S. 129-141 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Wirkung von aliphatischem Korrosionsschutzöl auf das Aushärte- und Abbauverhalten eines ölkompatiblen Epoxidharzklebers wurde mittels Differentialkalorimetrie (DSC), Fourier-Transformations-Infrarot-Spektroskopie (FTIR) und Thermogravimetrie (TGA) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der DSC- und FTIR-Messungen deuten darauf hin, daß die Härtungsgeschwindigkeit des untersuchten Epoxid-Systems durch das Vorhandensein des Öls nur wenig beeinflußt wird. Dennoch bestätigt das Absinken der exothermen Härtungskurve, begleitet von einer Verbreiterung des Glasübergangstemperaturbereichs, daß das Öl den Aushärtemechanismus beeinflussen kann und in der Lage ist, die Struktur des gehärteten Harzes zu verändern. Außerdem geht aus den TGA-Messungen hervor, daß die Temperaturbeständigkeit des Harzes sich in Gegenwart des Öls verschlechtert; dies wird auf Veränderungen in der Struktur und im Abbaumechanismus des Epoxid-Systems zurückgeführt.
    Notes: The effect of aliphatic slushing oil on the curing and degradation behavior of an oil-accommodating epoxy adhesive is studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of FTIR and DSC indicate that the curing rate of the tested epoxy system is little affected in the presence of the oil. However, the decrease of the curing exotherm accompanied with a broadening of the glass transition confirms that the oil can affect the curing mechanisms and may change the structure of the cured resin. Additionally, it is evident from the TGA results that the thermal resistance of the resin deteriorates in the presence of the oil, which is attributed to the changes in the structure and the degradation mechanism of the epoxy system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 231 (1995), S. 91-108 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit einem schnellen und einfachen Vorversuch wurde die Fähigkeit von unterschiedlich zusammengesetzten Grundierungen zur Reduzierung der “pink-ring”-Defekte in mehrschichtigen gedruckten Leiterplatten untersucht. Mischungen von Silanen mit multifunktionellen Silanol-Gruppen (Vernetzer) und 3-Glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilan (Silan A) oder N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilan (Silan B) erwiesen sich als wirksam zur Reduzierung der “pink-rings”. Die Mischungen von Silan A mit aromatischen Vernetzern zeigten bessere Ergebnisse als andere Grundierungsformulierungen, was teilweise dem geringeren Anteil an hydrophilen Gruppen und der besseren Verteilung in den Filmen zugeschrieben wurde. Die besten Resultate wurden mit einer Grundierung mit Siloxan-Verbindungen erhalten. On-line Untersuchungen bestätigten die Ergebnisse der Vorversuche und demonstrierten die Durchführbarkeit des entwickelten Vortests zur Bewertung der Wirkung der Grundierungen. FT-IR-Spek-troskopie und Thermogravimetrie-untersuchungen zeigten, daß die auf die Kupfero-xide aufgebrachten Grundierungen sowohl die Vernetzungsreaktion fördern als auch die thermooxidative Stabilität der Epoxy/CuO-Systeme verbessern.
    Notes: A rapid and easy screening test was applied to assess the capability of various formulated primers to reduce the defect of pink rings in multilayer printed circuit boards. The mixtures of silanes with multifunctional silanol groups (crosslinkers) and 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilaneSystematic name: 3-(2,3-Epoxypropoxy)propyl-trimethoxysilane. (referred to as silane C) or N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilaneSystematic name: 3-[N-2-aminoethyl]aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane. (silane B) were proved to be effective in reducing the pink rings. The performance of the mixed silanes using silane A and crosslinkers with aromatic groups were better than other formulated primers which was partly attributed to less amounts of hydrophilic groups and better integrity in the primer films. A developed primer consisting of siloxane compounds had the best performance. The online test confirmed the results from the screening test and demonstrated the feasibility of the designed screening test in assessing the performance of primers. The results of FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed that the effective primers coated on the copper oxides could improve the curing reaction and the thermal oxidative stability of the epoxy/CuO system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 246 (1997), S. 125-136 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Möglichkeit der Verwendung von FR-4-Epoxylaminat-Rezyklat als verstärkendem Füllstoff in ungesättigten Polyestern (UP) wurde mittels Differentialkalorimetrie (DSC) und Biegeversuchen untersucht. Die Biegefestigkeiten und Biegemoduli von mit Rezyklat gefüllten, gehärteten UP-Harzen waren teilweise höher als die des ungefüllten Harzes, was auf energiedissipierende Effekte der Glasfasern und harten Epoxyharze in den Rezyklaten zurückgeführt wird. Die Biegeeigenschaften der gehärteten UP-Harze wurde durch Gehalt und Größe der Rezyklatpartikel beeinflußt. Die Zugabe von Calciumcarbonat und Kupfer als Füllstoff verringerte die Biegefestigkeit, erhöhte aber den Biegemodul. DSC-Messungen zeigten, daß das Rezyklat die Geschwindigkeit der radikalischen Polymerisation der gefüllten UP-Harze herabsetzt. Die Kinetik der Aushärtung hängt außerdem von der Größe und dem relativen Gehalt an Rezyklat ab.
    Notes: The feasibility of using recycled FR-4 epoxy laminates as reinforcing fillers in manufacturing unsaturated polyester (UP) composites was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and flexural tests. UP resins filled with recycled laminates had a higher flexural strength and modulus than the plain UP because of energy dissipation effects from glass fibers and rigid epoxy resins in the laminates. The size and loading of the laminates affected the flexural properties of the molded products. The addition of CaCO3 fillers and Cu decreased the flexural strength but promoted the flexural modulus of the UP. As revealed by DSC measurements the presence of laminates affected the free-radical reaction of the UP resin and decreased the curing rate. The curing kinetics were also dependent on the size and relative content of the laminates added.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1261-1267 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: FTIR-ATR spectroscopy ; gravimetric sorption ; diffusion ; polymer ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In this study, vapor sorption FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance) spectroscopy was combined with a conventional gravimetric sorption balance to examine diffusion in polymers. Mutual diffusion coefficients of methyl ethyl ketone in polyisobutylene were measured using both methods at various penetrant activities and temperatures in the range 40-60°C. Actual penetrant concentrations were determined from the sorption balance. The diffusion coefficients from the two techniques agree very well with each other. In addition, the diffusivity data from both techniques could be correlated successfully as a function of temperature and concentration with the Vrentas and Duda free-volume model. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1261-1267, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 2421-2433 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: oiled metal ; epoxy adhesive ; oil-absorbing ; preferential adsorption ; attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The oil absorption of a room-temperature-cured, two-part epoxy adhesive on three metal substrates, cold-rolled steel (CRS), 2024-aluminum, and electrogalvanized steel (EGS), was studied using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR). From relative absorbance ratios calculated from ATR spectra taken at different penetration depths, it was determined that the effectiveness of the adhesive in replacing the oil from the metal surfaces followed in the order of 2024-Al 〉 CRS 〉 EGS. As thick as 20 microns oil could be absorbed from the 2024-Al and CRS surfaces, but much less oil could be absorbed from the oiled EGS substrate. However, the heat applied during cure could greatly help the adhesive absorb oil from the EGS substrate. Distributions of adhesive functional groups with respect to penetration depths were found in adhesive layers adjacent to metal surfaces. The abundance of curing agents in the adhesive/EGS interfacial region resulted in the incomplete oil absorption observed on the oiled EGS substrate. The results from ATR also showed that the oil did not inhibit the cure of the adhesive in the bulk. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2063-2071 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: brominated epoxy resin ; dicyandiamide ; curing kinetics ; glass bead ; silanes ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The curing characteristics of a brominated epoxy resin/dicyandiamide (DICY) system filled with silane-treated glass beads are studied using isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Three different silane coupling agents, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-[2-(vinylbenzylamino)-ethyl]-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, and 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, are applied. It is found that the reaction heats of the epoxy system are little affected by the curing temperature and the untreated glass fillers, but changed with the addition of silane-coated glass beads. The effect of glass beads on the curing reaction is more significant at the low curing temperature and conversion. The silane treatment results in changes in Tg, activation energy, reaction heat, reaction rate, and reaction order. Three silanes respond differently because of their differences in the activated reaction with the matrix system. Regardless of the various curing mechanisms involved, a simple kinetic expression can describe the curing extent at 170 and 180°C with a good accuracy for all systems studied. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2063-2071, 1997
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 437-449 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The oil displaceing and absorbing behaviors of epoxy adhesives cured with amidoamine curing agents on oiled metal substrates were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR). A Simple XPS experiment demonstrated that amidoamine curing agents could displace an aliphatic oil from the cold-rolled steel (CRS) and the electrogalvanized steel (EGS) surfaces, but an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A could not. Results of ATR measurements sowed that the oil was effectively displaced from the CRS surface and absorbed as deep as 2 μm into the epoxy adhesive cured with amidoamine with low amine numbers. But the oil was mostly present in the 0.3 μm thick adhesive layer near the CRS/adhesive interface for the epoxy adhesive cured with amidoamine with high amine numbers. The oil absorbing ability of the adhesive was worse on the oiled EGS substrate than on the oiled CRS substrate. It was also found that the pressure applied during cure could greatly facilitate the absorption of oil into the adhesive. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 337-344 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: infrared spectroscopy ; multicomponent ; diffusion ; polymer ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In this study, diffusion coefficients of toluene/methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) mixtures in polyisobutylene were measured at 50°C using vapor sorption FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance) spectroscopy. For three mixture compositions, the diffusion coefficients were determined using a diffusion framework for ternary systems. The “crossterm” diffusion coefficient for MEK was found to be very small under the experimental conditions studied here, while that for toluene was found to increase with increasing MEK concentration. On the basis of this finding, a binary diffusion model was used to determine diffusion coefficients for MEK over a wide range of mixture compositions and the results compared well with those determined from pure MEK transport data. Relative transport rates during integral sorption experiments with mixtures were used to explain the results. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 337-344, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 1339-1351 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of copper oxides on the thermal oxidative degradation of a brominated epoxy resin-dicyandiamide system was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of small amounts of Cu2O or CuO fillers to the epoxy resins affected the relative amounts of highly reacted cyclic species formed during thermal aging and induced catalytic degradation of the epoxy resins. The overall and initial activation energies of the degradation process were found to decrease, and the order in the degradation kinetics of the epoxy resin changed from a near zero order to negative domain (autocatalytic nature) in the presence of copper oxides. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1597-1605 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The curing characteristics of a brominated epoxy resin/dicyandiamide (DICY) system in the presence of different DICY contents and metal oxides are studied using isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From the exotherms obtained, it is found that the reaction heats increase with increasing DICY content and curing temperature because of greater amounts of DICY reacted. The amine-epoxy-related reaction dominates the major curing behavior and the Tg especially at the high curing temperature, while the etherification is more significant at low temperature and conversion and plays an important role in determining the rate of liquid-to-solid transition during the cure. The addition of metal oxides, Fe2O3, and ZnO, results in changes in the initial transition rate, Tg, activation energy, reaction heat, reaction rate, and reaction order. Three fillers respond differently because of a difference in the surface-activated reaction. Regardless of the complex curing mechanisms involved in the specimens, a simple kinetic expression can describe the curing extent at 180°C with good accuracy. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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