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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (56)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 3597-3602 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 621-629 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly{1-[3-(9-carbazolyl)propylaminocarbonyl]äthylen} {Poly[N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole]} (6) wurde durch radikalische Polymerisation des entsprechenden Monomers 5 hergestellt. Aus Copolymerisationsversuchen von 5 (M1) und Styrol (M2) wurden sowohl die Copolymerisationsparameter r1 und r2 als auch die Q-e Werte für 5 erhalten (r1 = 0,13±0,08, r2 = 3,47±0,12; Q = 0,18, e = 0,10). Das Fluoreszenzspektrum von 6 ist mit demjenigen der Modellsubstanz N-(3-Isobutyrylaminopropyl)carbazole (2) fast identisch, was auf die Abwesenheit von intramolekularen Excimeren im Polymer 6 hindeutet. Die Stabilitätskonstanten K der aus 6 oder 2 und 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenon (TNF) gebildeten Chargetransfer-Komplexe wurden in Dichlorethan bei 20°C, unter den Bedingungen, daß [6] oder [2]≫[TNF] und 6 oder 2≪[TNF], ermittelt. Die Werte sind K = 4,9 bzw. 5,2 dm3mol-1 für 2, wenn [2]≫[TNF] bzw. [2]≪[TNF], und 16dm3mol-1 für 6, wenn [6]≫[TNF]. Das Polymer 6 fallt jedoch aus, wenn [6]≪[TNF]. Zum Vergleich wurde auch die Chargetransfer-Bildung von Poly[1-(9-carbazolyl)äthylen] [Poly(N-vinylcarb azol)] (1) mit TNF unter denselben Bedingungen untersucht, wobei dieselben Werte für K gefunden wurden, wenn [1]≫[TNF] und [1]≪[TNF]. Zur Erklärung kann man annehmen, daß sich bei 6 sandwichartige Chargetransfer-Komplexe bilden, wahrend sich bei 1 keine derartigen Komplexe bilden können, da aus Platzmangel zwischen die Carbazolyl-Gruppen in 1 kein TNF-Molekül eingesetzt werden kann.
    Notes: A new carbazole polymer, poly{1-[3-(9-carbazolyl)propylaminocarbonyl]ethylene} {poly[N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole]} (6) was prepared by radical polymerization of N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole (5). Copolymerization of 5 (M1) with styrene (M2) provided the monomer reactivity ratios r1 = 0,13±0,08 and r2 = 3,47±0,12. The Q-e values of 5 were calculated as Q1 = 0,18 and e1 = +0,10. Fluorescence spectra of 6 and N-(3-isobutyrylaminopropyl)carbazole (2), prepared as a monomer model compound, were nearly identical, indicating the absence of intramolecular excimer formation for 6. The stability constants (K) of the charge transfer complexes of 6 and 2 with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF) were determined in 1,2-dichloroethane at 20°C under the conditions of both [6] or [2]≫[TNF] and [6] or [2]≪[TNF]. The values of K were 4,9 and 5,2dm3 mol-1 for 2 when [2]≫[TNF] and [2]≪[TNF], respectively, and 16dm3 mol-1 for 6 when [6]≫[TNF]. The polymer 6 precipitated, however, when [6]≪[TNF]. As a reference, charge transfer complex formation of poly[1-(9-carbazolyl)-ethylene] [poly(N-vinylcarbazole)] [1] with TNF was studied under the same conditions. The values of K for 1 were identical when [1]≫[TNF] and [TNF]. These results were explained by assuming a sandwich-type charge transfer complex for 6, but not for 1. The space between the carbazolyl groups in 1 would be too small to accomodate a TNF molecule between the chromophores.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2509-2516 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyethers containing viologen moieties were prepared by the reaction of tosylated polyethers with bipyridine. Viologen moieties of these polymers having — ((CH2)2—O—)n — chains were reduced into the cation radicals by sodium dithionite in dichloromethane, methanol, and benzene. The reduction of vicinal dibromide, ethyl 2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropionate using these polymers as electron-transfer catalyst (ETC) was performed in dichloromethane to obtain ethyl cinnamate in good yield.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1972), S. 153-162 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Synthese von Polystyrolen, die eine Jodoniumstruktur enthalten, wurde untersucht. Es stellte sich dabei heraus, daß Phenylpolystyroljodoniumbisulfat quantitativ aus Polystyroljodosoacetat und Benzol in Gegenwart von konzentrierter Schwefelsäure entsteht. In ähnlicher Weise wurden vernetzte Phenyl- und Thienylpolystyroljodoniumsalze synthetisiert. Die Anionenaustauschreaktion des Phenylpolystyroljodoniumsalzes wurde mit Natriumbromid und Kaliumrhodanat untersucht.
    Notes: The syntheses of polystyrenes containing iodonium structure were investigated. It was found that phenyl polystyryliodonium bisulfate was quantitatively prepared from polystyrene iodosoacetate and benzene in the presence of conc. sulfuric acid. In a similar way, cross-linked phenyl- and thienyl-polystyryliodonium salts were synthesized. Anion exchange reaction of phenyl polystyryliodonium bisulfate with sodium bromide and potassium thiocyanate was also studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1972), S. 163-176 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bisulfat-, Thiocyanat- oder Trifluoroacetationen als Gegenion enthaltende Phenylpolystyryljodoniumsalze wurden in Dimethylformamid und Dioxan bei 100°C zersetzt. Das Bisulfat- und Thiocyanation greift dabei bevorzugt und das Trifluoroacetation selektiv die unsubstituierten Phenylringe an, wobei Polystyrolderivate mit zwei verschiedenen Grundbausteinen bzw. Polyjodostyrol entstehen. Dagegen greift das Bromidion bevorzugt an den Phenylringen an der Hauptkette der Phenylpolystyryljodoniumsalze an. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich durch EDA-Wechselwirkungen zwischen den aromatischen Ringen der Jodoniumsalze und den benachbarten aromatischen Ringen durch das Bromidion erklären. Die nucleophile Substitution des Polymeren wurde untersucht und mit Modellreaktionen verglichen.
    Notes: Phenyl polystyryliodonium salts, containing bisulfate, thiocyanate, bromide, or trifluoroacetate as counter anion, were allowed to decompose in dimethylformamide and dioxane at 100°C. The bisulfate and thiocyanate anion preferentially, and trifluoroacetate anion selectively attacks the unsubstituted phenyl ring to give polystyrene derivatives with two components and polyiodostyrene, respectively. On the contrary, the bromide anion preferentially attacks the phenyl ring of the polystyrene side. This result was explained on the basis of the co-operative charge transfer bonding between the aromatic ring of the iodonium salt and its adjacent aromatic ring through bromide anion. These nucleophilic substitution reactions on the polymer are investigated and compared with their model reactions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: N-2-Oxazolidonyl-methacrylamid (M1) wurde durch Umsetzung von N-Amino-2-oxazolidon mit Methacrylsäurechlorid dargestellt und mittels eines radikalisch zerfallenden Initiators polymerisiert, außerdem mit Styrol (M2), Methacrylsäure, N-Vinyl-2-oxazolidon und N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon copolymerisiert. Die relativen Reaktivitätskonstanten r1 (= 0.38) und r2 (= 1.15) wurden mit Hilfe der FINEMAN-ROSSschen Gleichung bestimmt sowie die Q- (= 1.99) und e- (= 0.11) Werte nach ALFREY und PRICE berechnet. Diese Polymeren sind löslich in Dimethylformamid und Dimethylsulfoxid, aber unlöslich in den üblichen Lösungsmitteln wie Wasser, Methylalkohol und Aceton. Diese Polymeren adsorbieren Phenol. Der Charakter der Bindung in den Komplexen aus Polymeren und Phenol wurde untersucht.Schließlich wurde 5-(3-Phenyl-2-oxazolidonyl)-methylacrylat durch Umsetzung von 3-Phenyl-5-chloromethyl-2-oxazolidon mit Acrylsäure dargestellt und mittels eines radikalisch zerfallenden Initiators polymerisiert.
    Notes: N-2-Oxazolidonyl-methacrylamide was synthesized by the reaction of N-amino-2-oxazolidone with methacrylic chloride. N-2-Oxazolidonyl-methacrylamide(M1) was polymerized and copolymerized with some vinyl compounds such as styrene(M2), methacrylic acid, N-vinyl-2-oxazolidone and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone by free radical initiator. The monomer reactivity ratios, r1 (= 0.38) and r2 (= 1.15) were determined by the method of FINEMAN and ROSS, and the ALFREY-PRICE Q (= 1.99) and e (= 0.11) values were estimated. These polymers were soluble in dimethylformamide and formic acid, but insoluble in common solvents such as water, methanol and acetone. These polymers adsorbed phenol effectively, and the bonding characters in the complexes of polymers and phenol were investigated.In addition, 5-(3-phenyl-2-oxazolidonyl)methyl acrylate was synthesized by the reaction of 3-phenyl-5-chloromethyl-2-oxazolidone with acrylic acid and polymerized by radical initiator.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 146 (1971), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation von N-Vinyl-2-oxazolidon (NVOx) in Gegenwart von Polymethacrylsäure (PMAA) wurde untersucht; folgende Resultate wurden erhalten: (1) NVOx zersetzt sich in saurer, wäßriger Lösung (pH 〈 4,0) in 2-Oxazolidon und Acetaldehyd. Die Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit steigt mit wachsender Acidität in diesem pH-Bereich. (2) Im Fall radikalischer Polymerisation von NVOx bei pH 4,0 wurde die Geschwindigkeitsgleichung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm R}_{\rm p} = {\rm k}[{\rm NVOx}][{\rm K}_2 {\rm S}_2 {\rm O}_8]^{1/2} $\end{document} erhalten. (3) Die Geschwindigkeit steigt in Gegenwart von PMAA und erreicht ein Maximum bei einem Molverhältnis 1:1 von PMAA zu NVOx. Die Aktivierungsenergien und Frequenzfaktoren in An- bzw. Abwesenheit von PMAA wurden bestimmt. (4) Die Geschwindigkeit wird kleiner, je größer der pH-Wert ist, und wird konstant bei einem pH 〉 5. Sie ist aber unabhängig von der Ionenstärke.
    Notes: The polymerization of N-vinyl-2-oxazolidone (NVOx) in the presence of polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) was studied and the following results were obtained: (1) NVOx decomposed to 2-oxazolidone and acetaldehyde in acidic aqueous solution (pH 〈 4.0) and the rate of decomposition increased as the acidity increased in this pH range. (2) The radical polymerization of NVOx was carried out at pH 4.0 and the rate equation, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm R}_{\rm p} = {\rm k}[{\rm NVOx}][{\rm K}_2 {\rm S}_2 {\rm O}_8]^{1/2} $\end{document} was obtained. (3) The rate increased in the presence of PMAA and attained maximum at 1:1 molar ratio of NVOx to PMAA. The activation energies and frequency factors in the presence and absence of PMAA were estimated. (4) The rate decreased as pH increased and was constant above pH 5.0, but was independent of ionic strength.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 169 (1973), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Isopropenyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole wurden durch Umsetzung von Methacrylhydrazid mit Phosgen dargestellt, und ihre Fähigkeit zur Polymerisation und Copolymerisation wurde untersucht. Die Copolymerisationsparameter für die Substanzpolymerisation wurden bestimmt und einige Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Polymeren untersucht. Sie sind löslich in Dimethylformamid und Dimethylsulfoxid, jedoch unlöslich in den üblichen organischen Lösungsmitteln.
    Notes: 2-Isopropenyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (II) were prepared by the reaction methacrylohydrazides (I) with phosgene and their abilities for polymerization and copolymerization were investigated. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined in bulk polymerization. The polymers obtained were soluble in dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, but insoluble in common organic solvents. Some properties of these polymers were examined.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 1407-1420 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymers having stable pendant . radicals were synthesized through their precursor polymers by oxidizing them in air or by H2O2-Na2WO4. Hydrochlorides and sulfates of 4-methacryloylamino- and 4-methacryloyloxy-1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidines were synthesized as precursor monomers and polymerized by using α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile under appropriate conditions to precursor polymers of high molecular weight: poly-4-methacryloylamino-/oxy-1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinehydrochlorides and sulfates. The precursor polymers were converted to polymers having nitroxyl stable radicals, i.e., poly-4-methacryloylamino-/oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyls, by oxidation in air or with H2O2-Na2WO4 without any main-chain scission. The structure of the resultant stable radical polymers was determined by infrared, ultraviolet, and ESR spectroscopy. Based on the results of spectroscopic analysis and Kjeldahl analysis, the transformation from precursors to nitroxyl stable radical polymers was found to be quantitative. Investigations on the applicability of polymeric nitroxyl radicals to oxidation-reduction reactions were attempted by means of polarography; the reduction half-wave potential was found to be -1.16 V for the mercury pool.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 2553-2566 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of ester, urethane, and carbonate derivatives of biacetyl monooxime, dimethylglyoxime, and ketone oxime, were synthesized and their photolyses studied by means of ultraviolet spectroscopy. Most of the oxime derivatives photolyzed easily upon UV irradiation. Among them, however, only the free radicals formed by photolysis from the ester and carbonate of biacetyl monooxime could effectively initiate the polymerization of a vinyl monomer such as methyl methacrylate. Based on the results obtained from the monomeric reactions, syntheses of grafting polymers were made. Graft polymers were obtained by using a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid-biacetyl monooxime ester (copolymer I) and that of methyl methacrylate and vinyl benzioc acid-biacetyl monooxime ester (copolymer II) in good yield and without the formation of homopolymer. It was also found that when copolymer I was employed as a grafting polymer, a considerable amount of main-chain scission was seen, but no chain degradation was noted in the case of copolymer II. Photocrosslinking was attempted by using these copolymers in the presence of divinyl benzene. It was confirmed that copolymer II was photocrosslinkable, whereas copolymer I underwent photodegradation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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