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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent increases of DNA adducts (I-compounds) in human and rat brain DNA
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research DNAging 295 (1993), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-8734
    Keywords: Age dependence ; Brain ; DNA adducts ; Human ; I-compounds ; Rat
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-8734(93)90007-P
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testicular circulatory isolation: Not a cause of immune-mediated testis injury in the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 3 (1996), S. 400-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Regional drug delivery ; Rat ; Immunology ; Testis ; Cancer chemotherapy ; Infertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Testicular circulatory isolation (TCI), a regional drug exclusion approach designed to prevent chemotherapy-induced male infertility, can reduce testicular drug exposure and preserve fertility. The immunological sequelae of this surgical procedure were investigated. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats received unilateral TCI for 45 min and were killed at intervals of up to 43 days later. Testicular histology was evaluated qualitatively using hematoxylin and eosin stain, a direct immunofluorescent technique for detection of antigen-antibody complexes, and an indirect immunofluorescent technique to detect circulating antitestis antibodies. Results: No immune-mediated injury was evident up to 43 days after TCI. Conclusion: The current work, taken together with previously published data, indicate that TCI produces no immunological damage in the rat testis. Because TCI is well tolerated in humans, this work also supports the institution of human clinical trials of this technique in men about to receive fertility-threatening chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02305671
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linopirdine (DuP 996) improves performance in several tests of learning and memory by modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 49 (1994), S. 1075-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Aged rats ; Avoidance behavior ; DuP 996 ; Linopirdine ; Morris water maze ; Neurochemistry ; Rat ; Spatial navigation/memory
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90267-4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of preantral intra-ovarian oocyte release in the rat and the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ovary ; Oocyte ; Follicles ; Rat ; Syrian Hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serial sections of 62 rat ovaries and 66 ovaries from Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) have been examined by light microscopy. The relative and absolute percentage of preantral intra-ovarian oocyte release (PIOR) was recorded. PIOR was incomplete when the rupture of the basal membrane was not followed by the release of the oocyte from its preantral follicle into the ovarian stroma; conversely, a PIOR was regarded to the complete if the oocyte was released from the preantral follicle into the adjacent stroma. PIOR occurred in 23% of rat ovaries and in 32% of hamster ovaries; meiosis was not resumed. In rat ovaries the frequency of complete PIOR was 71%; the oocyte disappeared quickly after its release and herniated granulosa cells could invade capillaries. By contrast, incomplete PIOR was prevalent in hamster ovaries (67%); oocytes survived in the interstitial cortical tissue after the disappearance of their granulosa and theca cells (“free oocytes”). It is concluded that PIOR reflects the onset of follicular atresia and that different local factors are probably responsible for species differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305475
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral nerve section induces increased levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity in axotomized motoneurons (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 79 (1990), S. 212-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neuropeptide ; Plasticity ; Nerve injury ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cat ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of fluorescence immunohistochemistry it is shown that sciatic nerve section in cat and rat induces increased levels of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in axotomized motoneurons. In the rat, this effect was clearly seen at 2–5 days postoperatively, but could not be demonstrated after 11–21 days. These findings are discussed in relation to previously proposed roles for CGRP in motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228891
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the geniculo-cortical pathway and local projections within rat primary visual cortex (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 89 (1992), S. 20-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Excitatory amino acids ; Thalamocortical connections ; Intrinsic connections ; Visual cortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine the organization of axon collaterals of neurons that selectively take up and transport excitatory amino acids, we have used retrograde tracing with D-[3H]Aspartate after injections into different layers of rat primary visual cortex. The results show cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus retrogradely labeled from the cortex. Additional topographically precise input to the thalamic recipient layer 4 originates from neurons in the visual cortex lying in layers 2/3, 5 and 6. These inputs are reciprocated by point-to-point projections from layer 4. Layer 2/3 cells project to layers 5 and 6 in columnar fashion. Putative excitatory input to layer 2/3 originates from a vertical column of cells in layer 5 and the middle of layer 6. In addition layer 2/3 receives input via horizontal collaterals of topographically distant upper layer neurons, from more widespread projections in lower layer 6, and from very widespread projections of cells at the layer 5/6 border. Cells in the depth of layer 5 also distribute collaterals within layers 5 and 6. Our findings provide anatomical evidence that the geniculo-cortical pathway in the mammalian visual system may use excitatory amino acid transmitters. In addition, the results support the notion that most long range connections that link distant points of the topographic map are excitatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228997
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations of choline acetyltransferase, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and cytoskeletal proteins in rat brain in response to colchicine administration (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 89 (1992), S. 496-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Colchicine ; Choline acetyltransferase ; Cholinergic degeneration ; Phosphoinositide hydrolysis ; Cytoskeletal proteins ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Colchicine, a microtubule disrupting toxin, was administered intracerebroventricularly to rats, followed by measurements of (i) the activity of choline acetyltransferase, a biochemical marker of cholinergic neurons, (ii) cytoskeletal protein concentrations, including tau, MAP-2, spectrin, and tubulin, and (iii) the activity of the second messenger-generating system, receptor-coupled phosphoinositide hydrolysis. One week after colchicine treatment there was a 60% decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity in the hippocampus, which was followed by a gradual increase to only a 29% deficit after 12 weeks. In the striatum and cerebral cortex, choline acetyltransferase activity was slightly reduced (by 13% and 19%, respectively) 1 week after colchicine treatment followed by increases to control values. The concentrations of tau and tubulin in the hippocampus were unaltered by colchicine treatment, and MAP-2 and spectrin were only slightly reduced 4 weeks after colchicine. Hippocampal phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by norepinephrine was elevated approximately 28% 1 and 2 weeks after colchicine treatment and that induced by ibotenate was increased by 53% 2 weeks after colchicine. These results demonstrate that colchicine causes a severe depletion of choline acetyltransferase 1 week after administration. There was not a significant reduction of the concentration of any of the cytoskeletal proteins after 1 week, possibly due to the cell-selectivity of the toxic effect of colchicine, but there was a delayed, and temporary, decline of MAP-2 and spectrin concentrations. Associated with the decreased choline acetyltransferase activity after 1 week was an enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in response to norepinephrine, and after 2 weeks there were enhanced responses to norepinephrine and to ibotenate. Thus, colchicine-induced toxicity results in neurotransmitter- and time-specific alterations in the activity of the phosphoinositide second messenger-generating system in the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229873
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In a drug discrimination procedure isolation-reared rats generalize to lower doses of cocaine and amphetamine than rats reared in an enriched environment (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; Drug discrimination ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats with different behavioral histories, defined by rearing and housing in either an enriched condition (EC) or an isolation condition (IC), were trained in a two-lever operant procedure to discriminate 5.0 mg/kg cocaine from saline. In cocaine dose-generalization tests, the IC rats exhibited an ED50 (1.01 mg/kg) significantly lower than the EC rats (ED50:1.55 mg/kg). The cocaine-appropriate responding was emitted when the rats were treated withd-amphetamine, and for thed-amphetamine test doses the ED50 (0.19 mg/kg) was again significantly lower for the IC rats compared to the ECs (ED50:0.33 mg/kg). These data suggest that IC rats are more sensitive to the stimulus properties of indirect dopaminergic agonists than EC rats and highlight the importance of environmental variables in governing an organism's response to the stimulus properties of abused drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246959
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous neoplasms in aged sprague-dawley rats (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 496-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Spontaneous ; Tumor ; Neoplasm ; Rodent ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Incidence of neoplastic lesions in untreated Sprague-Dawley rats (1340 males and 1329 females) used as controls in 17 carcinogenicity studies are tabulated and evaluated. In male rats, the most common neoplasms were benign pheochromocytomas and keratoacanthomas (4.0% in each case) followed by pancreatic islet cell adenomas (3.7%), thyroid parafollicular cell adenomas (3.6%), fibromas and squamous cell papillomas of the skin and hepatocellular adenomas (2.0% in each), malignant lymphoma lymphocytic (1.9%), histiocytic sarcomas (1.4%), and adrenal cortical adenomas (1.2%). In female rats, the most common neoplasms were of mammary gland origin (31.3%: fibroadenoma 19.0%, adenocarcinomas 8.8%, and adenomas 3.5%) followed by thyroid parafollicular cell adenomas (2.9%), uterine endometrial stromal polyps (2.6%), adrenal cortical adenomas (1.9%), malignant lymphoma lymphocytic (1.6%), fibromas in the skin (1.3%), and pancreatic islet cell adenoma (1.1%). Metastases were observed from pheochromocytomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, nephroblastomas, renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma, interstitial cell tumor and seminoma of the testes, Zymbal's gland adenocarcinomas, and mammary adenocarcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01970675
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural profile of partial D2 dopamine receptor agonists (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 105 (1991), S. 381-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Partial D2 dopamine agonists ; d-Amphetamine ; Locomotor hyperactivity ; Stereotypy ; Haloperidol ; Stimulus-effector coupling ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of partial D2 dopamine (DA) receptor agonists on the behavioural activation produced by 1.5 and 8.0 mg/kgd-amphetamine were compared with the changes produced by the classical DA antagonist haloperidol. Alterations in behaviour were assessed in standard activity monitoring cages by direct observation of the rats using a rapid time sampling procedure. Haloperidol blockedd-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg)-induced increases in photocell counts, ambulation, rearing and sniffing up, and after the highest dose of the DA antagonist the animals were mainly inactive. The partial D2 DA agonist SDZ 208–911 was equipotent to haloperidol in blocking the increase in photocell counts and rearing produced byd-amphetamine. However, even high doses of the drug did not reduce the incidence of sniffing or induce inactivity, but qualitative changes in the form of sniffing did occur. Although considerably less potent, preclamol exerted similar effects to SDZ 208–911. The profiles of SDZ 208–912 and terguride were intermediary to those of SDZ 208–911 and haloperidol. All compounds blocked the repetitive sniffing down produced by 8.0 mg/kgd-amphetamine. After a low dose of haloperidol, these stereotyped behaviours were replaced by a behavioural syndrome similar to that observed with low dosed-amphetamine, but inactivity was observed following a further small increase in antagonist dose. The blockade of stereotypy by SDZ 208–911, preclamol and terguride was accompanied only by the low dosed-amphetamine behavioural syndrome; no inhibition of sniffing or induction of inactivity occurred. SDZ 208–912 exhibited a profile with features very similar to that noted with haloperidol. These findings suggest that partial D2 agonists exert similar, but not identical, behavioural effects to classical DA antagonists when dopaminergic function in increased byd-amphetamine. The differences in behavioural profile are discussed in relation to variations in the intrinsic efficacy of the dopaminergic compounds and to differences in the response capability of D2 receptor populations underlying the different behaviours produced byd-amphetamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244434
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