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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcatalepsy and disruption of forelimb usage during operant behavior: differences between dopamine D1 (SCH-23390) and D2 (raclopride) antagonists (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 115 (1994), S. 24-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dopamine receptors ; Neuroleptics ; SCH-23390 ; Raclopride ; Response duration ; Catalepsy ; Operant behavior ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an experiment designed to distinguish between the behavioral consequences of treatment with SCH-23390, a D1 dopamine receptor blocker, and raclopride, a D2 antagonist, rats were trained to perform a water-reinforced forelimb operant response. Response rate and the duration of each forelimb contact with the operandum were recorded. In addition, the durations of the rat's visits to the reward well were detected by a photobeam which was blocked by the rat's muzzle as it remained at the reward well. In a between-groups dosing design, separate groups of rats (11–13 rats/group) received SCH-23390 (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12 mg/kg, IP, 30 min) or raclopride (0. 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg/kg, IP, 30 min) for 21 consecutive days. Quantitative analyses indicated that for comparable amounts of operant rate reduction, raclopride had a significantly greater tendency than SCH-23390 to increase the duration of operant responses and to increase the maximum muzzle entry duration (i.e., to induce microcatalepsy). The results support the idea that at relatively low doses D2 antagonism is more likely than D1 antagonism to produce effects identified preclinically with extrapyramidal side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244747
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In a drug discrimination procedure isolation-reared rats generalize to lower doses of cocaine and amphetamine than rats reared in an enriched environment (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; Drug discrimination ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats with different behavioral histories, defined by rearing and housing in either an enriched condition (EC) or an isolation condition (IC), were trained in a two-lever operant procedure to discriminate 5.0 mg/kg cocaine from saline. In cocaine dose-generalization tests, the IC rats exhibited an ED50 (1.01 mg/kg) significantly lower than the EC rats (ED50:1.55 mg/kg). The cocaine-appropriate responding was emitted when the rats were treated withd-amphetamine, and for thed-amphetamine test doses the ED50 (0.19 mg/kg) was again significantly lower for the IC rats compared to the ECs (ED50:0.33 mg/kg). These data suggest that IC rats are more sensitive to the stimulus properties of indirect dopaminergic agonists than EC rats and highlight the importance of environmental variables in governing an organism's response to the stimulus properties of abused drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246959
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haloperidol, raclopride, and eticlopride induce microcatalepsy during operant performance in rats, but clozapine and SCH 23390 do not (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 140 (1998), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Neuroleptics ; Dopamine receptor ; Catalepsy ; EPS ; Antipsychotic drug ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of this work was (1) to assess the ability of selected antipsychotic and comparison drugs to induce arrest of movement phenomena during operant responding and (2) to evaluate the capacity of muscarinic anitcholinergics to block such effects. The effects of haloperidol (0.02–0.12 mg/kg, IP, 45 min), raclopride (0.05–0.80 mg/kg, IP, 30 min) eticlopride (0.02–0.16 mg/kg, IP, 45 min), clozapine (1.0–8.0 mg/kg, IP, 60 min) and SCH 23390 (0.01–0.16 mg/kg, IP, 30 min) were administered to rats for 4 weeks in a between-groups dosing design. Operant responses in 15 min and the maximum duration of the rat’s muzzle entry into the reinforcement dipper well (the measure of arrest of movement that reflected microcatalepsy) were the quantitative measures of behavior. The D2 antagonists dose-relatedly decreased operant responding and increased maximum muzzle duration, effects that were significantly reversed by the anticholinergic scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg) or atropine (6.0 mg/kg). Although the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine and the selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 both significantly reduced operant responding, these drugs did not produce microcatalepsy. The results suggested that microcatalepsy expressed in the context of ongoing operant behavior may model low-dose extrapyramidal side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050742
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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