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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic mapping of cytological and isozyme markers on chromosomes 1R, 3R, 4R and 6R of rye (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 208-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rye ; C-heterochromatin bands ; Isozymes ; Translocation ; Genetic mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cytogenetic maps involving chromosomes 1R, 3R, 4R and 6R have been developed from the analysis of offspring of crosses between multiple heterozygous rye plants. The maps include isozyme loci GpiR1, Mdh-R1 and Pgd2 (located in chromosome 1R), Mdh-R2 (located in chromosome 3R), Pgm-R1 (located in chromosome 4R) and Aco-R1 (located in chromosome 6R). Various telomeric and interstitial C-bands of these four chromosomes, the centromere split of chromosome 3R, and translocation TR01 were used as cytological markers. By means of electron microscope analysis of spread pachytene synaptonemal complexes, the breakpoint of TR01 was physically mapped in chromosome arms 4RS and 6RL. From the linkage data, conclusions were derived concerning the cytological locations of the isozyme loci and the physical extent of the evolutive translocations involving chromosome arm 6RL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225899
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical mapping of translocation breakpoints in rye by means of synaptonemal complex analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Physical mapping Translocation breakpoint ; C-banding Synaptonemal complex ; Rye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A physical map including 40 translocation breakpoints has been constructed in rye by means of synaptonemal complex (SC) analysis of well-paired pachytene quadrivalents. The chromosome arms involved in such translocations were previously identified either from mitotic C-banding analysis or from the meiotic configurations observed in the progenies of crosses with a rye line having multiple chromosome rearrangements. The synaptonemal complexes formed by some translocation homozygotes were also analyzed, the relative pachytene SC length of their translocated chromosomes being compared to that observed in the corresponding translocation heterozygotes. In the translocations in which the position of the breakpoint could be well defined from mitotic C-banding analysis, a good correspondence between the relative position of the point showing partner exchange in the pachytene quadrivalents and the actual location of the breakpoint was established. It is concluded that the mapping of translocation breakpoints by SC analysis of pachytene quadrivalents provides a more accurate estimate of the position of the breakpoints than that obtained from mitotic C-banding analysis, due to the lack of evenly-distributed interstitial C-bands in most rye chromosomes. The distribution of the breakpoints along the chromosomes in relation to their spontaneous or induced origin is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226979
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ventral hippocampal glutamate receptors in the rat: possible involvement in learning mechanisms of an active avoidance response (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 106 (1999), S. 987-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Ventral hippocampus ; glutamate receptors ; learning ; memory ; AP7 ; AP3 ; glutamate antagonists ; avoidance response.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The role of ventral hippocampus glutamate receptors on learning mechanisms and memory was studied in the rat. Adult male rats were unilaterally implanted in the ventral hippocampus with microinjection cannulas. The general experimental procedure used was the chemical stimulation of hippocampal neurons with glutamic acid alone or in combination with glutamate receptor antagonists during learning of an active avoidance response. The one-way active response consisted in avoiding an electric shock applied to the feet while an ultrasonic tone of 40 KHz was on. Two series of experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, the possible effect of glutamate on the evocation of the learned avoidance response was studied. In Experiment 2, the possible effect of glutamate on the acquisition of the avoidance response was analyzed. Experiment 1 showed that glutamate in the range 1–10 nmol did not interfere with the recall of the avoidance response, suggesting that glutamate has no effect on the hippocampal evocation processes. Experiment 2 showed that glutamic acid inhibits the acquisition process, increasing the latency time of escape and deteriorating the learning efficiency. This effect was antagonized by AP7, the NMDA-glutamate receptor antagonist, and increased by AP3, the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist. Present data suggest that metabotropic glutamate receptors facilitate and NMDA-glutamate receptors inhibit the learning hippocampal mechanisms in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050217
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of localized histamine microinjections into the hippocampal formation on the retrieval of a one-way active avoidance response in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 101 (1995), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; memory ; histamine ; one-way active avoidance response ; ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible role of histamine (HA) locally applied into the hippocampus on memory mechanisms of the rats was studied. The acquisition of a one-way active avoidance response to an ultrasonic 40 kHz sinus-wave tone anticipating an electric shock was used as experimental model. Learning sessions consisted in placing animals into a two compartment cage were they learnt to escape to the safe compartment after an ultrasonic tone anticipating an electric feet shock. After acquiring the conditioned avoidance response, animals were implanted with microinjection cannulae and injected with 1 μl of saline, or increasing doses of histamine (9, 22.5, 45, and 90nmol) into the hippocampus. In the experimental sessions, 4 trials before (PRE) and 4 trials afterward treatment (POST), the percentage of conditioned avoidance responses (% CAR) and the latency time to escape (LT) were measured. Results showed that HA increased significantly the LT and this effect was grossly dose-dependent. % CAR was also affected and the score was significantly inhibited by the imidazolamine administration. Results suggest that HA may be involved in memory retrieval processes in the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271557
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hippocampal histamine receptors: Possible role on the mechanisms of memory in the rat, II (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; memory ; avoidance-response ; ultrasound ; H1-histamine receptor ; H2-histamine receptor ; pyrilamine ; ranitidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this paper it was studied the role of histamine and histamine receptors in the hippocampus of rats on an active avoidance response induced by an ultrasonic tone. The animals had to learn to walk through a swinging door into a safe compartment only after the conditioning ultrasonic tone was on in order to avoid an electric shock to their feet. Trained animals were implanted in the ventral hippocampus with microinjection cannulae and injected twice with 1 μl of saline solution containing pyrilamine (PYR, H1-HA antagonist), ranitidine (RAN, H2-HA antagonist) or histamine. The histamine antagonists were applied in a dose of 65.5 nmol each while histamine was administered in a dose of 45 nmol. The two variables measured were the time in sec the rats take to present the conditioned avoidance response and the accumulated percentage of conditioned avoidance response (CAR). Results showed that histamine administration significantly increased the latency time to escape and decreased the % CAR. These effects were not blocked by the administration of RAN. However, administration of PYR completely counteracted the HA effects. Present findings confirm our previous findings about the inhibitory effect of histamine on the hippocampal retrieval mechanisms and give further support to the hypothesis that HA acts on the memory processes in the hippocampal formation, by activation of H1-histamine receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01292623
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