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Changes in the temperature rhythm of submariners following a rapidly rotating watchkeeping system for a prolonged period (1979)

Colquhoun, W. P. ; Paine, M. W. P. H. ; Fort, A.

Springer

International archives of occupational and environmental health 42 (1979), S. 185-190

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ISSN: 1432-1246

Keywords: Circadian rhythm ; Body-temperature ; Submariners ; Watchkeeping ; Sleep

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary On-watch readings of oral temperature were obtained at hourly intervals from submariners during two continuously submerged voyages of 48 days duration. The subjects followed a rapidly rotating watchkeeping system of 4-h dutyspells during the entire period. In the majority of cases, the amplitude of the circadian temperature rhythm progressively declined, and this was accompanied by a tendency for the rhythm to disintegrate into shorter periods, associated with the length of the duty spell and the particular pattern of sleep adopted. On one voyage, one subject's rhythm showed a tendency to “free-run”, with a period of 24.6 h. It is concluded that the results give pointers to the kind of effect to be looked for in studies of shift-workers following similarly highly irregular patterns of work.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377772

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Large Quadratic Hyperpolarizabilities with Donor-Acceptor Polyenes Exhibiting Optimum Bond Length Alternation: Correlation Between Structure and Hyperpolarizability (1997)

Blanchard-Desce, M. ; Alain, V. ; Bedworth, P. V. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Chemistry - A European Journal 3 (1997), S. 1091-1104

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ISSN: 0947-6539

Keywords: chromophores ; donor-acceptor systems ; hyperpolarizability ; nonlinear optics ; polyenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Donor-acceptor polyenes of various lengths, and that combine aromatic electron-donating moieties with powerful heterocyclic electron-withdrawing terminal groups, have been synthesized and characterized as efficient nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores. Their linear and nonlinear optical properties have been investigated, and variations in these properties have been related to ground-state polarization (dipole μ) and structure. In particular, unprecedented quadratic hyperpolarizabilities (β) have been achieved (up to β(0) = 1500 × 10-30 esu) by reduction of the bond-length alternation (BLA) in the polyenic chain. In each series of homologous compounds, increasing the number n of conjugated double bonds in the polyenic chain results in a marked bathochromic shift, more pronounced BLA, and exponential increases in μβ(0) values. As a result, polyenic chromophores displaying excellent optical quadratic nonlinearities (μβ values as large as 100 times that of the quadratic NLO benchmark 4-dimethyl-amino-4′-nitrostilbene (DANS)), as well as satisfactory solubility, have been obtained.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.